Changes in the microbial quality of nonpotable reclaimed water distribution systems in seven metropolitan areas of the southwestern United States were investigated by performing pathogen monitoring and bacterial growth. Water samples were collected from tertiary-treated effluents at point of entry and point of use in the distribution systems. The samples were analyzed for Cryptosporidium oocysts, Giardia cysts, enteroviruses, microbial indicators, and assimilable organic carbon (AOC). Cryptosporidium and Giardia were detected in 16% (12/77) and 43% (33/77) of nonpotable reclaimed water samples, whereas no infectious Cryptosporidium parvum were detected in any of the samples. No infectious enteroviruses were detected in any sample (0/27). At point of entry total coliform and fecal coliforms ranged from 0.7 to 280 and from 0 to 1.9 colony-forming units (cfu)/100 mL, respectively. Increases in the number of coliforms were observed as water passed through the reclaimed water distribution systems. However, no such increase in the number of coliphages was found. The chlorination practices at some utilities were not sufficient to inactivate coliforms and coliphages, but supplemental ultraviolet disinfection resulted in lower numbers of these microbial indicators. AOC levels decreased by 3-fold as water passed through the distribution systems, which inversely correlated with bacterial regrowth.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es050607l | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Analyzing the channels of information dissemination: Investigating abrupt transitions in resource investment.
Chaos
January 2025
Department of Applied Mathematics, College of Applied Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea.
Investment in resources is essential for facilitating information dissemination in real-world contexts, and comprehending the influence of resource allocation on information dissemination is, thus, crucial for the efficacy of collaborative networks. Nonetheless, current studies on information dissemination frequently fail to clarify the complex interplay between information distribution and resources in network contexts. In this work, we establish a resource-based information dissemination model to identify the complex interplay by examining the propagation threshold and equilibriums.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMultimodal Pain Recognition in Postoperative Patients: Machine Learning Approach.
JMIR Form Res
January 2025
Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.
Background: Acute pain management is critical in postoperative care, especially in vulnerable patient populations that may be unable to self-report pain levels effectively. Current methods of pain assessment often rely on subjective patient reports or behavioral pain observation tools, which can lead to inconsistencies in pain management. Multimodal pain assessment, integrating physiological and behavioral data, presents an opportunity to create more objective and accurate pain measurement systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEndovascular Thrombectomy for Extracranial Internal Carotid Artery Occlusions With Large Ischemic Strokes: Insights From the SELECT2 Trial.
Neurology
February 2025
Department of Neurology, Department of Stroke, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.
Background And Objectives: Although previous trials have established the efficacy and safety of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in large ischemic core strokes, most of them excluded patients with extracranial internal carotid artery (e-ICA) occlusion. We aimed to compare outcomes in patients with e-ICA occlusion and large ischemic core infarcts treated with EVT vs medical management (MM).
Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the SELECT2 trial, a randomized controlled trial conducted at 31 international sites.
Probing Impact of Support Pore Diameter on Three-phase Interfaces of Pt/C Catalysts by Molecular Dynamic Simulation.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources (Chongqing University), Chongqing 400044, China.
Investigating how the size of carbon support pores influences the three-phase interface of platinum (Pt) particles in fuel cells is essential for enhancing catalyst utilization. This study employed molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory calculation to examine the effects of mesoporous carbon support size, specifically its pore diameter, on Nafion ionomer distribution, as well as on proton and gas/liquid transport channels, and the utilization of Pt active sites. The findings show that when Pt particles are located within the pores of carbon support (Pt/PC), there is a significant enhancement in the spatial distribution of Nafion ionomer, along with a reduction in encapsulation around the Pt particles, compared to when Pt particles are positioned on the surface or in excessively large pores of the carbon support.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDepolarized Forward Light Scattering for Subnanometer Precision in Biomolecular Layer Analysis on Gold Nanorods.
J Phys Chem Lett
January 2025
Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden.
Functional gold nanoparticles have emerged as a cornerstone in targeted drug delivery, imaging, and biosensing. Their stability, distribution, and overall performance in biological systems are largely determined by their interactions with molecules in biological fluids as well as the biomolecular layers they acquire in complex environments. However, real-time tracking of how biomolecules attach to colloidal nanoparticles, a critical aspect for optimizing nanoparticle function, has proven to be experimentally challenging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!