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Article Synopsis
  • CCR5 is a key target for inhibiting HIV-1 and has potential in treating inflammatory diseases, with the study focusing on a specific inhibitor, INCB9471.
  • INCB9471 has shown safety and effectiveness in reducing viral load in human clinical trials and works by preventing monocyte migration and infection by R5-HIV-1 strains.
  • Comparisons indicate that INCB9471's potency in blocking CCR5 is similar to other clinical antagonists, suggesting its promising role in HIV treatment.
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The strong need for the development of alternative anti-HIV agents is primarily due to the emergence of strain-resistant viruses, the need for sustained adherence to complex treatment regimens and the toxicity of currently used antiviral drugs. This review analyzes proof of concept studies indicating that the immunomodulatory drug rapamycin (RAPA) possesses anti-HIV properties both in vitro and in vivo that qualifies it as a potential new anti-HIV drug. It represents a literature review of published studies that evaluated the in vitro and in vivo activity of RAPA in HIV.

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[CCR5 antagonists and HIV-1 infection: Bases and consequences of this therapeutic approach].

Antibiotiques (Paris)

March 2010

Faculté de médecine, université Montpellier 1, 2, rue École-de-Médecine, 34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France.

CCR5 molecule is a chemokine receptor with an important role in infectious diseases; not only is it the main coreceptor for HIV-1, but it has also been involved in the immune defense against various transmissible agents. CCR5 antagonists constitute a new class of antiretrovirals. Three molecules of this class have reached phases 2B and 3 of clinical development: aplaviroc (GlaxoSmithKine), vicriviroc (Schering-Plough) and maraviroc (Pfizer).

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Maraviroc, the only CCR5 antagonist HIV inhibitor currently approved, has potent antiviral activity in treatment-experienced individuals infected with CCR5-using HIV-1 (R5 HIV-1). However, recent data from the MOTIVATE trials indicate that R5 HIV-1 can develop resistance to Maraviroc, underscoring the need for additional CCR5 antagonists. The CCR5 antagonist aplaviroc (APL) is active against Maraviroc-resistant viral strains but its clinical development has ended because of dose-related toxicity.

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[Secondary effects of treatment with maraviroc and other CCR5 antagonists. Potential impact of the CCR5 blocker].

Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin

October 2008

Consulta de Medicina Interna II, Unidad VIH, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, España.

Maraviroc is the first inhibitor of CCR5 co-receptors to be marketed as an antiretroviral. The pre-clinical studies and phase III trials have shown that it has a very favourable safety profile. No characteristic adverse effect of maraviroc has been identified.

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