We introduce a design concept of optical waveguides characterized by a practical and reproducible process based on preferential etching of crystalline silicon substrates. Low-loss waveguides, spot-size converters, and power dividers have been obtained with polymers. We have also aligned liquid crystals in the waveguides and demonstrated guided propagation. Therefore this technology is a suitable platform for soft-matter photonics and heterogeneous integration.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.44.007181 | DOI Listing |
Energy Fuels
January 2025
Geothermal Energy and Geofluids Group, Institute of Geophysics, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland.
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) and CO-based geothermal energy are promising technologies for reducing CO emissions and mitigating climate change. Safe implementation of these technologies requires an understanding of how CO interacts with fluids and rocks at depth, particularly under elevated pressure and temperature. While CO-bearing aqueous solutions in geological reservoirs have been extensively studied, the chemical behavior of water-bearing supercritical CO remains largely overlooked by academics and practitioners alike.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
January 2025
Central South University, material science and engineering, 932 Lushan Road, 410083, Changsha, CHINA.
Hydrogen bond (HB) chemistry, a pivotal feature of aqueous zinc-ion batteries, modulates electrochemical processes through weak electrostatic interactions among water molecules. However, significant challenges persist, including sluggish desolvation kinetics and inescapable parasitic reactions at the electrolyte-electrode interface, associated with high water activity and strong Zn2+-solvent coordination. Herein, a targeted localized HB docking mechanism is activated by the polyhydroxy hexitol-based electrolyte, optimizing Zn2+ solvation structures via dipole interaction and reconstructing interfacial HB networks through preferential parallel adsorption.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Neurosci
January 2025
Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by protein aggregates mostly consisting of misfolded alpha-synuclein (αSyn). Progressive degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons (mDANs) and nigrostriatal projections results in severe motor symptoms. While the preferential loss of mDANs has not been fully understood yet, the cell type-specific vulnerability has been linked to a unique intracellular milieu, influenced by dopamine metabolism, high demand for mitochondrial activity, and increased level of oxidative stress (OS).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin J Am Soc Nephrol
January 2025
Nephrology and Hypertension Division, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Background: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) assessment is important in clinical practice, with implications for diagnosis, prognostication, and drug dosing. People with cancer are at risk of imprecision in GFR estimation. This cross-sectional study evaluated the performance of various creatinine and cystatin C-based equations in comparison to measured GFR (mGFR) in people with cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Phys Chem Lett
January 2025
Soft Matter Biophysics, Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, TU Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 8, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
Glycolipids are known to stabilize biomembrane multilayers through preferential sugar-sugar interactions that act as weak transient membrane cross-links. Here, we use small-angle and quasi-elastic neutron scattering on oligolamellar phospholipid vesicles containing defined glycolipid fractions in order to elucidate the influence of glycolipids on membrane mechanics and dynamics. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) reveals that the oligolamellar vesicles (OLVs) obtained by extrusion are polydisperse with regard to the number of lamellae, , which renders the interpretation of the quasi-elastic neutron spin echo (NSE) data nontrivial.
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