The patients with advanced cancer often lose their anti-tumor immune responses due to the increase of some immunosuppressive substances in the blood, such as cytokines and proteins derived from cancer cells or immune cells. We developed the adsorption fiber in transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta for the treatment to remove immunosuppressive substances and investigated the effects of direct hemoperfusion using the filtration column filled with this adsorption fiber in tumor-bearing rats. On day 0, KDH-8 tumor cells (1 x 10(6) cells/rat) were implanted subcutaneously into the back of WKAH/Hkm rats. On day 21 after tumor implantation, the rats underwent the direct hemoperfusion with this filtration column for 60 minutes. On day 28, the rats were sacrificed and the natural killer (NK) activities of their spleen cells were examined. As a result, the rats that underwent this treatment showed a significant increase in their NK activities compared with those of rats who underwent direct hemoperfusion with an empty column or had no treatment. Therefore, we indicated the possibility of a new immunotherapy technique against cancer using a direct hemoperfusion column filled with an adsorption fiber for immunosuppressive substances.
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