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Penicillin allergy as an instrumental variable for estimating antibiotic effects on resistance.
Nat Commun
January 2025
Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Antibiotic resistance is influenced by prior antibiotic use, but precise causal estimates are limited. This study uses penicillin allergy as an instrumental variable (IV) to estimate the causal effect of antibiotics on resistance. A retrospective cohort of 36,351 individuals with E.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDisposition of enrofloxacin in plasma, pulmonary epithelial lining fluid, peritoneal fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid of healthy mares.
Am J Vet Res
January 2025
Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.
Objective: To investigate the disposition of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite, ciprofloxacin, in plasma, pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF), peritoneal fluid, and CSF in horses following IV administration of enrofloxacin at doses of 5 mg/kg and 7.5 mg/kg of body weight.
Methods: 6 healthy, mature mares were randomly assigned to receive a single dose of enrofloxacin at either 5 mg/kg or 7.
Evaluating Harms Associated with Prolonged Antibiotic Duration of Therapy in Community Dwelling Older Adults: A Cohort Study using Instrumental Variable Analysis.
Clin Infect Dis
December 2024
Public Health Ontario; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Unity Health Toronto.
Background: Shorter courses of antibiotic therapy are increasingly recommended to reduce antibiotic exposure. However quantifying the real-world impact of duration of therapy is hindered by bias common in observational studies. We aimed to evaluate the harms and benefits of longer versus shorter duration of therapy in older adults.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffect of Calcium Hydroxide Versus Double Antibiotic Paste on Endodontic Treatment Outcomes in Teeth With Large Periapical Lesions: A Triple-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial.
Int J Dent
December 2024
Department of Endodontics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Dental School, Tehran, Iran.
The successful management of necrotic pulps and apical periodontitis poses a tough challenge in endodontic therapy, as it involves addressing compromised tooth vitality and microbial invasion of root canal systems. Failure to effectively treat these conditions can lead to persistent infection and severe patient discomfort. The efficacy of double antibiotic paste (DAP), a mixture of ciprofloxacin and metronidazole, was evaluated and compared to calcium hydroxide (CH) by assessing radiographic and clinical outcomes of nonsurgical endodontic treatment in cases with necrotic pulps and the presence of apical periodontitis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiofilm Formation and Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Genes at Varying Quinolone Inhibitory Concentrations in Quinolone-Resistant Bacteria Superinfecting COVID-19 Inpatients.
Am J Trop Med Hyg
November 2024
School of Medical Sciences and The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
The likelihood of antimicrobial failure in COVID-19 patients with bacterial superinfection arises from both phenotypic (biofilms) and genotypic mechanisms. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the inhibitory concentrations of quinolones-nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and levofloxacin-in biofilm formers (minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration [MBIC]) and nonformers (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC]) and correlate inhibitory concentrations with plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes in quinolone-resistant bacteria isolated from COVID-19 inpatients. Quinolone-resistant bacteria (n = 193), verified through disc diffusion, were tested for quinolone inhibitory concentrations using broth microdilution and biofilm formation using microtiter plate methods.
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