Community-based monitoring was conducted in order to investigate the occurrence of diarrhea in 'sentinel areas' of Salvador, Brazil, and to establish a preliminary profile of the most common pathogens present in children's diarrhea by screening stool samples. This report describes the results obtained from twice weekly home visits to identify and follow diarrhea episodes and testing of carer-requested stool sample collection over a 6-month period. Participants were selected from a large longitudinal study in 21 areas representing the city's poorer socioeconomic and sanitary conditions. Fecal samples were examined for the presence of pathogenic bacteria, viruses and protozoa. The mean incidence of diarrhea was 4.97 episodes per child-year, and longitudinal prevalence was 13.6 days per child-year (3.7%). Pathogens were found in 44% of the fecal samples examined. Bacteria were the most frequently encountered pathogens (isolated in 22% of samples), followed by protozoa (19.5%) and viruses (16%). Viral and bacterial pathogens were associated with episodes of severe diarrhea, while viral and protozoan pathogens were associated with longer episodes. The study demonstrated the importance of a public health monitoring system based on 'sentinel areas'.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.03.010 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Dynamic Changes and Trends of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Induced by Infection and Vaccination Across Multiple Time Points.
J Med Virol
January 2025
Department of Acute Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China.
As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, increasingly complex vaccination and infection histories have made it urgent to investigate the antibody dynamics in populations with hybrid immunity. This study aimed to explore the multi-time-point dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels in a community-based population in Jiangsu Province, China, following the Omicron BA.5 wave, as well as the long-term persistence of IgG antibodies nearly 2 years postinfection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssociation Between County-Level Social Vulnerability and CDC-funded HIV Testing Program Outcomes in the United States, 2020-2022.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
January 2025
Division of HIV Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Background: Community-level social vulnerabilities may affect HIV outcomes. This analysis assessed the association between county-level social vulnerability and CDC-funded HIV testing program outcomes.
Setting: HIV testing data from 60 state and local health departments and 119 community-based organizations were submitted to CDC during 2020-2022.
Costs of home-delivered antiretroviral therapy refills for persons living with HIV: Evidence from a pilot randomized controlled trial in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
PLOS Glob Public Health
December 2024
Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is needed across the lifetime to maintain viral suppression for people living with HIV. In South Africa, obstacles to reliable access to ART persist and are magnified in rural areas, where HIV services are also typically costlier to deliver. A recent pilot randomized study (the Deliver Health Study) found that home-delivered ART refills, provided at a low user fee, effectively overcame logistical barriers to access and improved clinical outcomes in rural South Africa.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComprehensive Iranian guidelines for the diagnosis and management of maple syrup urine disease: an evidence- and consensus- based approach.
Orphanet J Rare Dis
January 2025
Pediatric Endocrinologist, Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Molecular-cellular Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) disease is a defect in the function of the Branched-chain 2-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDH). It is caused by pathogenic biallelic variants in BCKDHA, BCKA decarboxylase, or dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase. The brain is the major organ involved in MSUD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolymorphisms in genes related to inflammation and endothelial function are associated with ischemic stroke and other vascular events in populations at high risk of stroke.
J Cent Nerv Syst Dis
January 2025
Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China.
Background: The association of genetic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to endothelial function, inflammation, and their outcomes remains poorly studied.
Objectives: To evaluate the occurrence of ischemic stroke (IS) and other vascular events, and relationships between 19 SNPs in genes associated with endothelial function and inflammation with outcomes in a population at high risk of stroke.
Design: A prospective cohort study and multi-center community-based sectional survey.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!