The effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an antioxidant derived from propolis, on the infarct volume elicited by focal cerebral ischemia were studied on Long-Evans rats. Cerebral infarction was induced by microsurgical procedures with ligation of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) and clipping of bilateral common carotid arteries (CCA) for 60 min. The rats were sacrificed 24 h later and serial brain slices of 2 mm thickness were taken and stained for the measurement of infarct area. CAPE was administered intravenously 15 min before MCA occlusion. Pretreatment of CAPE (0.1, 1 and 10 microg/kg) significantly reduced the total infarct volume from 169.6 +/- 14.5 mm3 (control) to 61.0 +/- 24.1 mm3 (0.1 microg/kg CAPE), 47.4 +/- 9.1 mm3 (1 microg/kg CAPE), and 42.4 +/- 8.7 mm3 (10 microg/kg CAPE), respectively. Plasma nitric oxide (NO) content was significantly increased in rats subjected to focal cerebral ischemia. It is concluded that CAPE possesses neuroprotective properties in focal cerebral ischemia injury in rats possibly through its antioxidant effect and/or via the upregulation of NO production.
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