Association of clinical progression in classic Kaposi's sarcoma with reduction of peripheral B lymphocytes and partial increase in serum immune activation markers.

Objective: To evaluate various immunologic markers in the peripheral blood of patients with early and advanced classic Kaposi's sarcoma (CKS).

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: A major referral center for skin and venereal diseases.

Patients: Sixty-eight patients with histologically confirmed CKS staged according to a modified version of the Mitsuyasu-Groopman classification in stage I-II (cutaneous involvement only) and stage IV (skin and systemic involvement).

Main Outcome Measures: Concentrations of neopterin and beta2-microglobulin, titer of anti-human herpesvirus 8 antibodies, number of natural killer cells, and numbers of total lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and their subsets in peripheral blood.

Results: The median values of beta2-microglobulin and neopterin were elevated in patients with CKS in stage IV (median, 3.679 microg/mL [312.72 nmol/L] and 14.0 nmol/L, respectively) compared with patients in stage I-II (median, 2.406 microg/mL [204.51 nmol/L] and 6.5 nmol/L, respectively). A statistically significant reduction in total lymphocyte and B-lymphocyte counts was observed in patients with advanced-stage CKS (1679/microL and 79/microL, respectively) compared with patients in earlier stages of the disease (2142/microL and 224/microL, respectively). The human herpesvirus 8 antibody titer, determined by latent immunofluorescent assay, decreased from stage I-II to stage IV, although not at a statistically significant level (P = .14).

Conclusion: The evolution of CKS from the early stages of the disease to the more advanced may be associated with a partial activation of the immune system and a gradual decrease in the number of total and B lymphocytes.