Previous studies showed that Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) has four genes (hrdA, hrdB, hrdC, and hrdD) that appear to encode RNA polymerase sigma factors very similar to the sigma 70 subunit of Escherichia coli and that hrdC and hrdD could be individually disrupted without causing obvious phenotypic defects. Here, hrdA was cloned and stable null hrdA and hrdD mutants were constructed by gene replacement. These two mutants and a previously constructed hrdC null mutant were used in crosses to generate hrdAC, hrdAD, hrdCD, and hrdACD strains. The inability to synthesize one, two, or all three of the nonessential hrd-encoded sigma factors had no obvious phenotypic consequences.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.174.15.5165-5167.1992 | DOI Listing |
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr
January 2025
Food Safety and Regulatory Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Republic of Korea.
Biofilm, complex structures formed by microorganisms within an extracellular polymeric matrix, pose significant challenges in the sector by harboring dangerous pathogens and complicating decontamination, thereby increasing the risk of foodborne illnesses. This article provides a comprehensive review of the sigma factor, 's role in biofilm development, specifically in gram-negative bacteria, and how the genetic, environmental, and regulatory elements influence activity with its critical role in bacterial stress responses. Our findings reveal that is a pivotal regulator of biofilm formation, enhancing bacterial survival in adverse conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFmBio
January 2025
Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
The 55-carbon isoprenoid, undecaprenyl-phosphate (UndP), is a universal carrier lipid that ferries most glycans and glycopolymers across the cytoplasmic membrane in bacteria. In addition to peptidoglycan precursors, UndP transports O-antigen, capsule, wall teichoic acids, and sugar modifications. How this shared but limited lipid is distributed among competing pathways is just beginning to be elucidated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWorld J Microbiol Biotechnol
January 2025
Systems Biology for Biofuels Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, ICGEB Campus, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
The photoautotrophic nature of cyanobacteria, coupled with their fast growth and relative ease of genetic manipulation, makes these microorganisms very promising factories for the sustainable production of bio-products from atmospheric carbon dioxide. However, both in nature and in cultivation, cyanobacteria go through different abiotic stresses such as high light (HL) stress, heavy metal stress, nutrient limitation, heat stress, salt stress, oxidative stress, and alcohol stress. In recent years, significant improvement has been made in identifying the stress-responsive genes and the linked pathways in cyanobacteria and developing genome editing tools for their manipulation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEcotoxicol Environ Saf
January 2025
Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China. Electronic address:
The existing evidence indicating that prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is associated with a range of adverse outcomes, including alterations in anthropometric indices, underscores the need for further investigation into the underlying mechanisms. This study aims to examine the effects of prenatal PAH exposure on anthropometric indices and telomere length (TL), as well as to explore whether changes in TL can serve as a predictor of alterations in anthropometric measures. The study was conducted in Shenyang, China, with 2460 pregnant women participating between 2022 and 2023.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiochemistry
January 2025
Transcription Regulation Lab, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Third Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad 121001, India.
Bacterial flagella are complex molecular motors that are essential for locomotion and host colonization. They consist of 30 different proteins expressed in varying stoichiometries. Their assembly and function are governed by a hierarchical transcriptional regulatory network with multiple checkpoints primarily regulated by sigma factors.
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