The Poisson-Boltzmann equation is numerically solved for a spherical cavity filled with a charged electrolyte solution. The network method used makes it possible to solve the problem in the most general case: the electrolyte solution can have any number of ion types with valences having any value. Furthermore, no a priori assumption concerning electroneutrality at the center of the cavity is required. Electric potential and ion concentration profiles, as well as the total potential drop in the cavity, are calculated for different system parameter values. These results are discussed and compared to the corresponding results obtained for suspended particles. Important differences arise, except for very thin double layers. For instance, the usual definition of the Debye length can no longer be used, since the electrolyte solution is nonneutral in the whole volume of the cavity. Furthermore, the charge density at the center of the cavity cannot be assigned any arbitrary value, since the charge density and the ion densities are no longer independent quantities.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2002.8396 | DOI Listing |
Langmuir
January 2025
Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-IIT, Haifa 32000, Israel.
A comprehensive approach enabling a quantitative interpretation of poly-l-arginine (PARG) adsorption kinetics at solid/electrolyte interfaces was developed. The first step involved all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) modeling of physicochemical characteristics yielding PARG molecule conformations, its contour length, and the cross-section area. It was also shown that PARG molecules, even in concentrated electrolyte solutions (100 mM NaCl), assume a largely elongated shape with an aspect ratio of 36.
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January 2025
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
All-solid-state lithium metal batteries promise high levels of safety and energy density, but their practical realization is limited by low Li reversibility, limited cell loading and demand for high-temperature and high-pressure operation, stemming from solid-state electrolyte (SSE) low-voltage reduction and high-voltage decomposition, and from lithium dendrite growth. Here we concurrently address these challenges by reporting that a family of reductive electrophiles gain electrons and cations from metal-nucleophile materials (here a Li sulfide SSE) upon contact to undergo electrochemical reduction and form interphase layers (named solid reductive-electrophile interphase) on material surfaces. The solid reductive-electrophile interphase is electron blocking and lithiophobic, prevents SSE reduction, suppresses Li dendrites and supports high-voltage cathodes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnal Chim Acta
February 2025
Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan. Electronic address:
Background: Monitoring nitrate and nitrite levels in water is vital for protecting human health, aquatic ecosystems, and regulatory compliance. However, traditional detection methods often involve environmentally harmful chemicals. This study introduces a sustainable alternative by leveraging metabolically engineered E.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLuminescence
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES Dehradun, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
Anions play a crucial role in various environmental, chemical, and biological processes. Among various anions, the production of perchlorate (ClO ) ion is expected to rise in upcoming years, and thus, an efficient method for the detection of perchlorate ion is highly desirable. In this effort, a pyridyl-benzimidazole-based luminescent probe (RSB1) containing two N-H donor sites has been synthesized for selective detection of perchlorate ion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomed Phys Eng Express
January 2025
Dept. Mechanical Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 263-8522, JAPAN.
Albumin and γ-globulin concentrations in subcutaneous adipose tissues (SAT) have been quantified by multivariate regression based on admittance relaxation time distribution (mraRTD) under the fluctuated background of sodium electrolyte concentration. The mraRTD formulates P = Ac + Ξ (P: peak matrix of distribution function magnitude ɣP and frequency τP, c: concentration matrix of albumin cAlb, γ-globulin Gloc, and sodium electrolyte Nac, A: coefficient matrix of a multivariate regression model, and Ξ: error matrix). The mraRTD is implemented by two processes which are: 1) the training process of A through the maximum likelihood estimation of P and 2) the quantification process of cAlb, Gloc, and Nac through the model prediction.
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