Noelins comprise a family of extracellular proteins with proposed roles in neural and neural crest development. Here, we show that a previously uncharacterized family member, Noelin-4, functions to maintain neural precursors in an undifferentiated state and biases ectoderm toward a neural fate. We show that Noelin-4 is induced by the neurogenic genes X-ngnr-1 and XNeuroD. Over-expression of Noelin-4 causes expansion of the neural plate at the expense of neural crest and epidermis. Although there is an apparent increase in the neural precursor pool, no increase was noted in differentiated neurons. Later, derivatives such as the neural tube and retina appear enlarged. We show biochemically that Noelin-4 protein is glycosylated and secreted and that it interacts with Noelin-1, an isoform previously found to promote differentiation in neuralized animal caps. Accordingly, the neural precursor expansion activity of Noelin-4 is reversed by co-expression of Noelin-1. Our finding that Noelin isoforms can bind to and antagonize one another suggests that interacting Noelin isoforms may play a role in regulating timing of differentiation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.09.050 | DOI Listing |
J Speech Lang Hear Res
January 2025
Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Purpose: In this review article, we present an extensive overview of recent developments in the area of dysarthric speech research. One of the key objectives of speech technology research is to improve the quality of life of its users, as evidenced by the focus of current research trends on creating inclusive conversational interfaces that cater to pathological speech, out of which dysarthric speech is an important example. Applications of speech technology research for dysarthric speech demand a clear understanding of the acoustics of dysarthric speech as well as of speech technologies, including machine learning and deep neural networks for speech processing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Appl Physiol (1985)
January 2025
Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
Disruption of the blood supply to a limb in conjunction with active movement boosts muscle growth, aids in rehabilitation, and allows controlled exploration of the sensorimotor system. Yet, the underlying neuromechanical changes have not been observed in great detail. This study aims to report the acute neuromuscular effects of temporary blood flow restriction (BFR) through behavioral changes at the level of motor units (MUs) using high-density surface electromyography on the abductor digiti minimi muscle during 20 trapezoidal and sinusoidal isometric force tracking tasks (5 pre-BFR, 5 during BFR, and 10 post-BFR).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Exp Nephrol
January 2025
Kawasaki Medical School, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Kurashiki, Japan.
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a significant public health challenge, with rates consistently on the rise. Enhancing kidney function prediction could contribute to the early detection, prevention, and management of CKD in clinical practice. We aimed to investigate whether deep learning techniques, especially those suitable for processing missing values, can improve the accuracy of predicting future renal function compared to traditional statistical method, using the Japan Chronic Kidney Disease Database (J-CKD-DB), a nationwide multicenter CKD registry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPain Ther
January 2025
Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital/Rutgers Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
Introduction: Many interventional strategies are commonly used to treat chronic low back pain (CLBP), though few are specifically intended to target the distinct underlying pathomechanisms causing low back pain. Restorative neurostimulation has been suggested as a specific treatment for mechanical CLBP resulting from multifidus dysfunction. In this randomized controlled trial, we report outcomes from a cohort of patients with CLBP associated with multifidus dysfunction treated with restorative neurostimulation compared to those randomized to a control group receiving optimal medical management (OMM) over 1 year.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrain Struct Funct
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, School of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
Physiological responses derived from audiovisual perception during assisted driving are associated with the regulation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), especially in emergencies. However, the interaction of event-related brain activity and the ANS regulating peripheral physiological indicators (i.e.
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