The penetration of water into cross-linked high amylose starch tablets was studied at different temperatures by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging, which follows the changes occurring at the surface and inside the starch tablets during swelling. It was found that the swelling was anisotropic, whereas water diffusion was almost isotropic. The water proton image profiles at the initial stage of water penetration were used to calculate the initial diffusion coefficient. The swelling and water concentration gradients in this controlled release system show significant temperature dependence. Diffusion behavior changed from Fickian to Case II diffusion with increasing temperature. The observed phenomena are attributed to the gelatinization of starch and the pseudo-cross-linking effect of double helix formation.
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