The use of antipsychotic drugs is known to be associated with a number of adverse metabolic side effects, including diabetes mellitus. These side effects could be, at least in part, the result of impaired islet cell function, although the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We have studied the effects of the atypical antipsychotic clozapine and of the conventional drug haloperidol on electrical and secretory activity in rat pancreatic beta-cells. At a low glucose concentration (4mM), clozapine (5microM) had little or no effect on membrane potential. However, at a stimulatory glucose concentration (16mM), clozapine was found to hyperpolarize the cell membrane potential, resulting in a complete inhibition of electrical activity. In contrast, haloperidol (5microM) was found to cause a marked depolarization of the membrane potential in the presence of both low and high concentrations of glucose. Clozapine and haloperidol were found, respectively, to increase and decrease-cell input conductance, an index of K(+) permeability. Single channel recordings indicated that changes in K(ATP) channel activity contributed towards these effects. Neither clozapine nor haloperidol affected basal insulin release, although clozapine inhibited glucose-induced insulin release. It is concluded that clozapine and haloperidol exert contrasting actions on electrical activity in rat pancreatic -cells as a result of opposing effects on K(+) permeability. These findings may relate to the increased incidence of diabetes associated with clozapine treatment.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881105056641 | DOI Listing |
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol
January 2025
University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf, Seebad 82/83, Rüdersdorf bei Berlin, 15562, Rüdersdorf, Germany.
Sexual dysfunctions (SD) are common and debilitating side effects of antipsychotics. The current study analyzes the occurrence of antipsychotic-related SD using data from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). FAERS was queried for sexual dysfunction adverse events (encoded by 35 different MedDRA preferred terms) secondary to amisulpride, aripiprazole, chlorprothixene, clozapine, haloperidol, loxapine, olanzapine, pipamperone, quetiapine, risperidone, and ziprasidone from 2000 to 2023.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Affect Disord
January 2025
Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address:
Background: Despite the increasing use of antipsychotics during pregnancy, comprehensive evaluations of their individual safety profiles using global data remain limited. This study aimed to assess the safety of various antipsychotics during pregnancy by comparing them to quetiapine, which has a relatively large body of safety data.
Method: Utilizing the World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database (1967-2023; n = 131,255,418 reports), we identified 11,406 reports of antipsychotic exposure during pregnancy.
ACS Omega
December 2024
Laboratório de Química Biológica (LQB), Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, and INCT-Bio (CNPq), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil.
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a multifactorial mental illness with limited knowledge concerning pathogenesis, contributing to the lack of effective therapies. More recently, the use of a nitric oxide donor named sodium nitroprusside (sNP) was suggested as a potential therapeutic drug for the treatment of SCZ. Despite the mixed results regarding the effectiveness of the sNP in reducing SCZ symptoms, successful trials on sNP in treatment-resistant SCZ were published.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Family Med Prim Care
September 2024
Department of Neurology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
Existing data suggest that clozapine has lesser propensity of developing akathisia as compared to first general antipsychotics. Clozapine is mostly used in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia, which is a second-generation antipsychotic. Akathisia is one of the rare side effects of clozapine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJAMA Psychiatry
January 2025
Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Munich, Germany.
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