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Use of and Steering to Pharmacies Owned by Insurers and Pharmacy Benefit Managers in Medicare.
JAMA Health Forum
January 2025
Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
Importance: The prevalence of pharmacies owned by integrated insurers and pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs), or insurer-PBMs, is of growing regulatory concern. However, little is known about the role of these pharmacies in Medicare, in which pharmacy network protections may influence market dynamics.
Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of insurer-PBM-owned pharmacies and the extent to which insurer-PBMs steer patients to pharmacies they own in Medicare.
Inhalable siRNA Targeting IL-11 Nanoparticles Significantly Inhibit Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis.
ACS Nano
January 2025
Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China.
For idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), interleukin 11 (IL-11) is a pivotal cytokine that stimulates the transformation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, thus accelerating the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we develop an innovative inhalable small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery system termed PEI-GBZA, which demonstrates impressive efficiency in loading siIL-11 targeting IL-11 (siIL-11) and substantially suppresses the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), reduces neutrophil and macrophage recruitment, and ultimately relieves the established fibrotic lesions in the IPF model. PEI-GBZA is prepared by modifying low-molecular-weight polyethylenimine (PEI) with 4-guanidinobenzoic acid (GBZA).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCryoglobulinemia Complicated by Pneumonia.
Cureus
December 2024
Pulmonology, Israeli-Georgian Multiprofile Medical Center "Healthycore", Tbilisi, GEO.
This study describes a 64-year-old female with a history of hepatitis C and cryoglobulinemia, who presented with respiratory symptoms, including dry cough, shortness of breath, and fever, alongside joint pain and fatigue. Initial workup revealed interstitial pneumonia, supported by chest imaging, and the patient was treated for pneumonia with standard antibiotic therapy. Despite no renal involvement, a hallmark of cryoglobulinemia, further testing confirmed elevated serum cryoglobulin levels.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAmyopathic Dermatomyositis with a Rapidly Progressing Interstitial Pneumonia.
Eur J Case Rep Intern Med
November 2024
Department of Lung Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia.
Background: Clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM) is a rare subtype of idiopathic inflammatory myositis often linked with the presence of autoantibodies targeting melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5). Patients with CADM are at increased risk of developing rapidly progressing interstitial lung disease, which significantly increases both morbidity and mortality compared to other forms of inflammatory myopathies. While there is no standardized treatment regimen, current therapeutic strategies are generally focused on combination immunosuppressive therapies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLung Transplantation for Familial Diffuse Pulmonary Ossification.
Ann Thorac Surg Short Rep
September 2024
Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.
We report 3 cases of extremely rare familial idiopathic diffuse pulmonary ossification, 2 of 3 received lung transplantation and the other is listed for lung transplantation. The clinical courses of family members varied greatly, and rapid deterioration could occur; therefore, early and close examination is recommended for transplant registration. During transplantation, the lungs appeared and felt exactly like a "pumice stone" and could not collapse, and good visual field was not easily obtained.
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