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Cavitary Pulmonary Tuberculosis in an Infant.
Cureus
November 2024
Pediatrics, Unidade Local de Saúde São João, Porto, PRT.
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to pose a significant health challenge globally and in Portugal. Diagnostic challenges persist, especially in infants, where TB often presents with atypical symptoms. A previously healthy three-month-old male infant from Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal, was admitted with cough, rhinorrhea, respiratory distress, and high-grade fever.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnalysis of eligibility criteria clusters based on large language models for clinical trial design.
J Am Med Inform Assoc
December 2024
Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland.
Objectives: Clinical trials (CTs) are essential for improving patient care by evaluating new treatments' safety and efficacy. A key component in CT protocols is the study population defined by the eligibility criteria. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of large language models (LLMs) in encoding eligibility criterion information to support CT-protocol design.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTumor-induced rotational vertebral artery occlusion in the upper cervical spine: illustrative case.
J Neurosurg Case Lessons
December 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Background: Rotational vertebral artery occlusion, or bow hunter's syndrome (BHS), is a rare but clinically important cause of vertebrobasilar insufficiency. Extrinsic compression of the artery is usually caused by osteophytes, fibrous bands, or lateral disc herniation and typically occurs in the setting of anatomical variations, leading to dynamic compromise of the posterior circulation. Neoplastic causes of BHS are rare.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMyocardial perfusion imaging in a case of cardiac strangulation: A novel approach to detect pacemaker-induced ischemia.
Ann Pediatr Cardiol
November 2024
Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-CT, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Cardiac strangulation is a rare phenomenon in children following epicardial pacemaker implantation, caused by compression of the heart and great vessels by the epicardial pacemaker wires. We report a rare case of cardiac strangulation presenting after 8 years of epicardial pacemaker implantation. On routine follow-up, computed tomography angiography showed significant extrinsic compression of the mid-left anterior descending (LAD) artery by the epicardial pacing wire.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMedian arcuate ligament syndrome: When to consider the diagnosis and management options.
Aust J Gen Pract
December 2024
MBBS, Senior Registrar, Department of Vascular Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Qld.
Background: Median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) occurs due to extrinsic compression of the coeliac plexus, leading to postprandial and exercise-induced epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, food fear and weight loss. Diagnosis can be challenging as up to 25% of the population have radiological compression. However, only 1% of the population have corresponding symptoms.
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