We analyzed binding sites for quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) and hemicholinium-3 (HC-3) by quantitative slice autoradiography and the activities of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in spinal cord of 5-7 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In the ventral horn, QNB binding sites were markedly reduced (38% of controls; P less than 0.001), whereas HC-3 binding sites were only moderately affected (76%, P less than 0.01). Losses in cholinergic marker enzymes were inconsistent. The loss of muscarinic binding sites in the ventral horn was the most reliable cholinergic disease marker in ALS.
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