Several novel functions of the well-known and intensively studied protein prothymosin alpha have recently been revealed. In addition to such traditional functions of this protein as immunomodulatory activity and stimulation of cellular proliferation, prothymosin alpha was shown to be involved in protection of cells against apoptosis and in regulation of expression of the oxidative stress-protective genes. Methods and approaches used for revelation of prothymosin alpha novel functions are described in this review.
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Impact of Guanidinium Hydrochloride on the Shapes of Prothymosin-α and α-Synuclein Is Dramatically Different.
Biochemistry
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States.
The effects of guanidinium hydrochloride (GdmCl) on two intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are investigated using simulations of the self-organized polymer-IDP (SOP-IDP) model. The impact of GdmCl is taken into account using the molecular transfer model (MTM). We show that due to the dramatic reduction in the stiffness of the highly charged Prothymosin-α (ProTα) with increasing concentration of GdmCl ([GdmCl]), the radius of gyration () decreases sharply until about 1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDriving Forces in the Formation of Biocondensates of Highly Charged Proteins: A Thermodynamic Analysis of the Binary Complex Formation.
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November 2024
Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Forschungsbau SupraFab, Altensteinstrasse 23a, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- The study focuses on the interaction between the positively charged linker histone H1 and the negatively charged chaperone prothymosin α (ProTα), highlighting their strong binding in physiological conditions.
- The analysis employs a thermodynamic model that considers the influence of counterion release and hydration on the complex formation.
- The findings reveal that the binding energy is primarily driven by the release of counterions from ProTα, while changes in water interactions and conformational constraints contribute to a significant negative change in free energy.
Beyond monopole electrostatics in regulating conformations of intrinsically disordered proteins.
PNAS Nexus
September 2024
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA.
Conformations and dynamics of an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) depend on its composition of charged and uncharged amino acids, and their specific placement in the protein sequence. In general, the charge (positive or negative) on an amino acid residue in the protein is not a fixed quantity. Each of the ionizable groups can exist in an equilibrated distribution of fully ionized state (monopole) and an ion-pair (dipole) state formed between the ionizing group and its counterion from the background electrolyte solution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCircular RNA COL1A1 promotes Warburg effect and tumor growth in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Discov Oncol
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Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613 West Huangpu Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
Objective: Circular RNAs (circRNAs), pivotal in the pathogenesis and progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), remain a significant point of investigation for potential therapeutic interventions. Our research was driven by the objective to decipher the roles and underlying mechanisms of hsa_circ_0044569 (circCOL1A1) in governing the malignant phenotypes and the Warburg effect in NPC.
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Effect of prothymosin α on neuroplasticity following cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion injury.
Mol Med Rep
April 2024
Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Service, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Prothymosin α (ProT), a highly acidic nuclear protein with multiple cellular functions, has shown potential neuroprotective properties attributed to its anti‑necrotic and anti‑apoptotic activities. The present study aimed to investigate the beneficial effect of ProT on neuroplasticity after ischemia‑reperfusion injury and elucidate its underlying mechanism of action. Primary cortical neurons were either treated with ProT or overexpressing ProT by gene transfection and exposed to oxygen‑glucose deprivation for 2 h .
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