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Target detection is a core function of integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems. The traditional likelihood ratio test (LRT) target detection algorithm performs inadequately under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions, and the performance of mainstream orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveforms declines sharply in high-speed scenarios. To address these issues, an information-theory-based orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS)-ISAC target detection processing framework is proposed.

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The concentrations of extracellular and intracellular signaling molecules, such as dopamine and cAMP, change over both fast and slow timescales and impact downstream pathways in a cell-type specific manner. Fluorescence sensors currently used to monitor such signals are typically optimized to detect fast, relative changes in concentration of the target molecule. They are less well suited to detect slowly-changing signals and rarely provide absolute measurements of either fast and slow signaling components.

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Protein translocation across cellular membranes is an essential and nano-scale dynamic process. In the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, the core proteins in this process are a membrane protein complex, SecYEG, corresponding to the eukaryotic Sec61 complex, and a cytoplasmic protein, SecA ATPase. Despite more than three decades of extensive research on Sec proteins, from genetic experiments to cutting-edge single-molecule analyses, no study has visually demonstrated protein translocation.

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Blades are the core components of rotating machinery, and the blade vibration status directly impacts the working efficiency and safe operation of the equipment. The blade tip timing (BTT) technique provides a solution for blade vibration monitoring and is currently a prominent topic in research on blade vibration issues. Nevertheless, the non-stationary factors present in actual engineering applications introduce inaccuracies in the BTT technique, resulting in blade vibration measurement errors.

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Experimental Investigation of Spray Drying Breakup Regimes of a PVP-VA 64 Solution Using High-Speed Imaging.

Pharmaceutics

December 2024

AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstraße, 67061 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany.

Atomization plays a key role in spray drying, a process widely used in the pharmaceutical, chemical, biological, and food and beverage industries. In the pharmaceutical industry, spray drying is particularly important in the preparation of amorphous solid dispersions, which enhance the bioavailability of active pharmaceutical ingredients when mixed with a polymer. In this study, a 3D-printed adaptation of a commercial spray dryer nozzle (PHARMA-SD PSD-1, GEA Group AG) was used to investigate the atomization of PVP-VA 64 polymer solutions under varying flow conditions using high-speed diffuse back-illumination.

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