Background: A recent investigation found no degradation in rifle marksmanship due to mild heat strain (up to a 1 degrees C increase in core temperature) even though the subjective sensation of discomfort was significant. The present study was conducted to determine if, and at what level of heat strain would degradation in both target detection and marksmanship (TD&M) occur.
Hypothesis: Degradation in TD&M performance is expected in individuals who reach a level of high heat strain.
Methods: There were 11 subjects (mean +/- SD of 28.9 +/- 6.0 yr, 177 +/- 10 cm, and 81.2 +/- 18.8 kg) who participated in 3 counterbalanced trials: control (CN); heat with hydration (HH); and heat without hydration (HD). Core temperature was increased through a combination of exercise and passive heating over 4 h. Measures of shooting performance every half hour included target detection and engagement times, friend-foe discrimination, and shooting accuracy using a small arms trainer.
Results: All physiological measures and indices indicated that a significantly elevated heat strain was attained during HH and HD compared with CN. Mean heart rates and core temperatures approached 150 bpm and 39 degrees C, respectively, at the end of the heated trials. Aside from minor differences in target detection and identification owing to target type, no detrimental impact on TD&M due to heat strain, whether hydrated or dehydrated, was observed.
Conclusions: High levels of heat strain do not adversely affect target detection and rifle marksmanship performance, at least for a period of time not exceeding 4 h in a non-threatening environment.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Effect of fructooligosaccharides in full-hydrated lactic acid bacteria membrane models during thermal stress: A molecular simulation study.
Food Res Int
January 2025
University of Coimbra, CERES, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rua Sílvio de Lima, Coimbra 3030-790, Portugal. Electronic address:
Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are a promising choice for cryoprotection of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). However, the mechanism by which this protection takes place is not well understood. Molecular simulation is a key tool for gathering insights into complex physicochemical problems like this.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMillisecond-level transient heating and temperature monitoring technique for ultrasound-induced thermal strain imaging.
Theranostics
January 2025
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
Ultrasound-induced thermal strain imaging (US-TSI) is a promising ultrasound imaging modality that has been demonstrated in preclinical studies to identify a lipid-rich necrotic core of an atherosclerotic plaque. However, human physiological motion, e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDifferences in gene expression between high and low tolerance rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to acute thermal stress.
PLoS One
January 2025
Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Understanding the mechanisms that underlie the adaptive response of ectotherms to rising temperatures is key to mitigate the effects of climate change. We assessed the molecular and physiological processes that differentiate between rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with high and low tolerance to acute thermal stress. To achieve our goal, we used a critical thermal maximum trial in two strains of rainbow trout to elicit loss of equilibrium responses to identify high and low tolerance fish.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStudy on the microstructural evolution mechanism of the angular contact ball bearing rings during the quenching and tempering process.
Sci Rep
January 2025
School of Mechatronics Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China.
Since the rings of the angular contact ball bearings (ACBBs) are typical highly sensitive quenching thin-walled structure, the microstructure and properties variation of the rings during the heat treatment process are often difficult to be controlled precisely, and then the service life of the bearings is reduced. Therefore, in this study, the combination of the numerical simulation and experimental was carried out during the quenching and tempering process of ACBBs (7008C), the phase transformation of the inner and outer ring during the heat treatment process were explored, and the law of the microstructure evolution and the mechanical properties variation were revealed. Firstly, based on the multi-field coupling theory of temperature, microstructure and stress-strain field, the numerical simulation model of the heat treatment process of the bearing rings was established.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHighlighting Free-Recovery and Work-Generating Shape Memory Effects at 80r-PET Thermoformed Cups.
Polymers (Basel)
December 2024
Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iași, Blvd. Dimitrie Mangeron 71A, 700050 Iasi, Romania.
The paper starts by describing the manufacturing process of cups thermoformed from extruded foils of 80% recycled PET (80r-PET), which comprises heating, hot deep drawing and cooling. The 80r-PET foils were heated up to 120 °C, at heating rates of the order of hundreds °C/min, and deep drawn with multiple punchers, having a depth-to-width ratio exceeding 1:1. After puncher-assisted deformation, the cups were air blown away from the punchers, thus being "frozen" in the deformed state.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!