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Muscle contributions to propelling the body upward differ between skipping and running.
J Biomech
January 2025
Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA.
Skipping represents a training alternative to running due to its lower knee contact forces and higher whole-body metabolic cost. The increased metabolic cost of skipping is associated with a higher vertical center-of-mass (COM) displacement during the support and flight phases of the skipping hop compared to running. However, skipping has lower muscle force impulses than running.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFConstraining safe and unsafe overshoots in saddle-node bifurcations.
Chaos
January 2025
Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Leipzig, D-04081 Leipzig, Germany.
We consider a dynamical system undergoing a saddle-node bifurcation with an explicitly time-dependent parameter p(t). The combined dynamics can be considered a dynamical system where p is a slowly evolving parameter. Here, we investigate settings where the parameter features an overshoot.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGold(I)-Catalyzed 2-Deoxy-β-glycosylation via 1,2-Alkyl/Arylthio Migration: Synthesis of Velutinoside A Pentasaccharide.
J Am Chem Soc
January 2025
Molecular Synthesis Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotherapeutics, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
2-Deoxy-β-glycosides are essential components of natural products and pharmaceuticals; however, the corresponding 2-deoxy-β-glycosidic bonds are challenging to chemically construct. Herein, we describe an efficient catalytic protocol for synthesizing 2-deoxy-β-glycosides via either IPrAuNTf-catalyzed activation of a unique 1,2--positioned C2--propargyl xanthate (OSPX) leaving group or (PhO)PAuNTf-catalyzed activation of a 1,2--C2--alkynylbenzoate (OABz) substituent of the corresponding thioglycosides. These activation processes trigger 1,2-alkyl/arylthio-migration glycosylation, enabling the synthesis of structurally diverse 2-deoxy-β-glycosides under mild reaction conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProbing Impact of Support Pore Diameter on Three-phase Interfaces of Pt/C Catalysts by Molecular Dynamic Simulation.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources (Chongqing University), Chongqing 400044, China.
Investigating how the size of carbon support pores influences the three-phase interface of platinum (Pt) particles in fuel cells is essential for enhancing catalyst utilization. This study employed molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory calculation to examine the effects of mesoporous carbon support size, specifically its pore diameter, on Nafion ionomer distribution, as well as on proton and gas/liquid transport channels, and the utilization of Pt active sites. The findings show that when Pt particles are located within the pores of carbon support (Pt/PC), there is a significant enhancement in the spatial distribution of Nafion ionomer, along with a reduction in encapsulation around the Pt particles, compared to when Pt particles are positioned on the surface or in excessively large pores of the carbon support.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPower assist add-ons for adult manual wheelchair users: A scoping review.
Assist Technol
January 2025
MAKE+ Applied Research, British Columbia Institute of Technology, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
Manual wheelchairs can promote independence among users. However, the user's level of disability, strength, stamina, and the environmental conditions within which the wheelchair is used may limit manual wheelchair functionality. The use of power assist add-ons may mitigate these limitations and help individuals to age in place.
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