Gangliogliomas are rare tumours in adults representing between 0.5% and 1% of all neuroepithelial tumours. They are of mixed cellularity comprised both of a neuronal and a glial population. Although malignant transformation is rare, and this mostly occurs in the glial element, we present a case of malignant neuroblastomatous transformation of a ganglioglioma. This is only the second ever case to our knowledge in the literature reporting the participation of the neuronal element in the malignant transformation of a ganglioglioma. In contrast with the previous published case, our patient has received post-operative therapeutic radiotherapy. The related literature is reviewed and the oncogenic role of therapeutic irradiation is discussed.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2005.09.005 | DOI Listing |
Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA.
(L.) Urban (family Apiaceae) () is a traditional botanical medicine used in aging and dementia. Water extracts of (CAW) have been used to treat neuropsychiatric symptoms in related animal models and are associated with increases in antioxidant response element (ARE) genes and improvements in mitochondrial respiratory function and neuronal health.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
December 2024
Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience and Zelman Center-The School of Brain Sciences and Cognition, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
This narrative review examines lithium's effects on immune function, inflammation and cell survival, particularly in bipolar disorder (BD) in in vitro studies, animal models and clinical studies. In vitro studies show that high lithium concentrations (5 mM, beyond the therapeutic window) reduce interleukin (IL)-1β production in monocytes and enhance T-lymphocyte resistance, suggesting a protective role against cell death. Lithium modulates oxidative stress in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages by inhibiting nuclear factor (NF)-ƙB activity and reducing nitric oxide production.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCells
December 2024
Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), commonly known as motor neuron disease, is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons. This pathological process results in muscle weakness and can culminate in paralysis. To date, the precise etiology of ALS remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomedicines
December 2024
Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
: The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is known for its involvement in various regulatory functions, including in the central control of feeding. Activation of local elements of the central glucose-monitoring (GM) neuronal network appears to be indispensable in these regulatory processes. Destruction of these type 2 glucose transporter protein (GLUT2)-equipped chemosensory cells results in multiple feeding-associated functional alterations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomedicines
December 2024
Department of Psychiatry, Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Background/objectives: Learning is classically modeled to consist of an acquisition period followed by a mastery period when the skill no longer requires conscious control and becomes automatic. Dopamine neurons projecting to the ventral striatum (VS) produce a teaching signal that shifts from responding to rewarding or aversive events to anticipating cues, thus facilitating learning. However, the role of the dopamine-receptive neurons in the ventral striatum, particularly in encoding decision-making processes, remains less understood.
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