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Uncovering the complexity of source mechanism in an anisotropic coal mine using sequential inversion.
Sci Rep
December 2024
Department of Geophysics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
Accurate characterisation of seismic source mechanisms in mining environments is crucial for effective hazard mitigation, but it is complicated by the presence of anisotropic geological conditions. Neglecting anisotropic effects during moment tensor (MT) inversion introduces significant distortions in the retrieved source characteristics. In this study, we investigated the impact of ignoring anisotropy during MT inversion on the reliability of hazard assessment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBreaking Down Bias: A Methodological Primer on Identifying, Evaluating, and Mitigating Bias in Cardiovascular Research.
Can J Cardiol
December 2024
MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Systematic error, often referred to as bias is an inherent challenge in observational cardiovascular research, and has the potential to profoundly influence the design, conduct, and interpretation of study results. If not carefully considered and managed, bias can lead to spurious results, which can misinform clinical practice or public health initiatives and compromise patient outcomes. This methodological primer offers a concise introduction to the identification, evaluation, and mitigation of bias in observational cardiovascular research studies assessing the causal association of an exposure (or treatment) on an outcome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlycosylase Pretreatment with Chemical Labeling-Assisted HPLC-MS/MS: An Ultrasensitive and Reliable Strategy for Quantification of 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine in Genomic DNA.
Anal Chem
December 2024
Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
8-Oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (dOG), the dominant oxidative product of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) under high levels of reactive oxygen species, usually serves as a biomarker for oxidative stress and a risk assessment factor for various diseases. Due to the extremely low abundance of dOG and the susceptibility of dOG detection to the interference of spurious oxidation, research on related biological processes is limited by insufficient sensitivity and specificity. In this work, an ultrasensitive and reliable approach for genome-wide dOG quantification was developed through chemical labeling-assisted high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with the introduction of glycosylase pretreatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBarriers and Facilitators in the Use of Selected Point-of-care Diagnostics in Indian Public Health Programs.
J Assoc Physicians India
December 2024
Professor, The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Background: Comprehensive reviews on the use and utility of point-of-care tests (POCs) in public health programs in relation to infectious disease and nutrition are limited. Point-of-care technologies have potential to improve the management of infectious diseases particularly in settings where healthcare infrastructure and timely access to quality medical care are limited.
Methods: We aim to describe POC tests currently used or under evaluation in the Indian national programs for communicable diseases and nutrition, and to identify the barriers and facilitators.
Detecting and Mitigating the Clever Hans Effect in Medical Imaging: A Scoping Review.
J Imaging Inform Med
November 2024
Laboratory for Computational Physiology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
The Clever Hans effect occurs when machine learning models rely on spurious correlations instead of clinically relevant features and poses significant challenges to the development of reliable artificial intelligence (AI) systems in medical imaging. This scoping review provides an overview of methods for identifying and addressing the Clever Hans effect in medical imaging AI algorithms. A total of 173 papers published between 2010 and 2024 were reviewed, and 37 articles were selected for detailed analysis, with classification into two categories: detection and mitigation approaches.
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