Human milk oligosaccharides play an important role, as prebiotic soluble fibres, in the postnatal development of the intestinal flora. Infant formulas are virtually free of prebiotic oligosaccharides. As a consequence, formula-fed infants develop an intestinal flora significantly different to the flora of breastfed infants. Due to the complexity of human milk oligosaccharides, it is necessary to use alternative sources of prebiotic ingredients as components of infant formulas. The present review summarizes the data of experimental research and clinical studies with a prebiotic mixture containing 90% short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides and 10% long-chain fructo-oligosacchrides are summarized. The data demonstrate that, with this prebiotic mixture, the growth of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli can be stimulated, the faecal pH can be decreased, and the presence of pathogens can be reduced to levels similar to those of breastfed infants. Thus, prebiotic oligosaccharides such as the studied mixture provide beneficial effects for formula-fed infants.
Down syndrome (DS) is a common genetic condition affecting people worldwide. It involves cognitive disabilities for which there are no drug therapies. The Ts65Dn mouse model of DS shows cognitive impairment due to a reduction in neuron number and connectivity as well as excessive neuronal activity, as GABA antagonist treatment restores memory in these mice.
Reduction of food fat content often comes at the cost of sensory appeal. Given that odours can enhance various fat-related sensory characteristics, their use as fat substitutes seems promising. This cross-over study investigated whether sensory characteristics of a low-fat product (dairy milk) can be enhanced by the addition of a fat-related aroma (cream) and whether this influences subsequent eating behaviour within an ecologically valid scenario.
Brucellosis remains an endemic disease in livestock populations in Rwanda, but the prevalence of the disease varies by geographic region. The common use of informal milk marketing channels represents a health hazard to humans when milk from Brucella-infected cows from one or more households is mixed with milk from other households for human consumption. In Rwanda, knowledge about the burden of brucellosis in livestock and factors associated with farmers' choice of milk marketing channels is very limited.
Dairy production is practiced almost all over Ethiopia. Milk and milk products play an important role in human nutrition throughout the country but the quality of milk produced in Ethiopia is poor and below the standard due to poor pre-milking and postharvest handling practices. The study was carried out from October 2022 to May 2023 with the objective of assessing and document the traditional practices of farmer's milk and milk products handling in selected districts of north Wollo, Ethiopia.
Gastroschisis is one of the most common congenital gastrointestinal disorders, occurring in about one in 1,953 infants born each year in the United States. Infants with gastroschisis rely on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) preoperatively, and due to intestinal function and dysmotility issues, continue to face feeding challenges postclosure, including feeding intolerance and increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Postclosure, human milk-feeding is preferred over infant formula because of its associated reduced risk of feeding intolerance and NEC.
