A novel confocal optical system to study mixing time in small-scale bioreactors is presented. The system is designed to monitor fluorescence upon tracer addition from a localized confocal volume of 0.21 mL within a glass vessel. The key elements of the fluorescence-based confocal system are a pinhole, a lens, an APD (Avalanche photodiode) detector, and light filters. The optical technique was validated by comparison with a pH-based technique. Finally, the optical sensor was tested and a real cultivation media (i.e., spent mammalian cell media) was used to measure mixing time in a 12.5-mL stirred transparent vessel. High accuracy, easy results interpretation, and low costs are the three most attractive characteristics of the sensor. Because of its noninvasive nature and versatility, the results suggest that the confocal system is a promising tool to perform mixing time studies in stirred vessels.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bp050117x | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
"I surely don't call for fun": experiences of being a "frequent caller" to the Danish emergency helpline.
BMC Public Health
January 2025
Department of Research and Development, Central Denmark Region, The Prehospital Emergency Medical Services, Brendstrupgaardsvej 7, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark.
Background: While most Danish citizens never or very rarely call the national emergency helpline, 1-1-2, a few citizens call very often. In this article, we attend to the often-unheard voices of frequent callers, exploring why these citizens call 1-1-2 and why they often do not feel helped.
Methods: The article is based on a mixed-methods study on citizens in the Central Denmark Region who had called 1-1-2 five or more times during a period of six months in 2023.
Academic Achievement, Externalizing Problems, and Close Friends in Middle School: Testing a Developmental Cascade Model Leading to Educational Attainment in the Late Twenties.
J Youth Adolesc
January 2025
Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.
Because educational attainment is associated with well-being in the long term, it is important to understand the developmental processes that enhance academic outcomes during adolescence. Also, although the importance of friends is well documented in adolescence, little is known about how close friends' characteristics work together with youth's own characteristics to shape adolescents' educational trajectories. This study fills an important gap in knowledge by focusing on how middle school students' academic achievement and externalizing problems are associated with their friends' achievement and externalizing problems over time, and how these variables predict educational attainment in adulthood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSimilar patient-reported satisfaction and professional appraisal of implant-supported fixed dental prosthesis fabricated by different workflows.
Evid Based Dent
January 2025
Division of Periodontics, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Design: A triple-armed, double-blind randomized controlled trial with cross-over design investigated patient-reported satisfaction and objective dental evaluation of a 3-unit, monolithic zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), implant-supported fixed dental prosthesis (iFDP) fabricated with 2 completely digital workflows and 1 mixed analog-digital workflow.
Case Selection: Participants enrolled required rehabilitation of 2 dental implants in posterior region of either of the arches with a 3-unit, ZrO2 iFDP. A total of 20 participants received the 3 types of ZrO2, iFDP fabricated by 3 different methods.
The efficacy of non-depolarizing muscle relaxant as adjuvants to local anesthesia in peribulbar block during cataract surgery.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Peribulbar anesthesia is mainly used for cataract surgery. Many studies had used atracurium and rocuronium as an additive to the local anesthetic (LA) drugs in eye surgery. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of adding atracurium versus rocuronium to a local anesthetic mixture, in providing an early onset of orbital akinesia and corneal anesthesia during cataract surgery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSocial mixing patterns of United States healthcare personnel at a quaternary health center: a prospective observational study.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol
January 2025
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, O'Donnell School of Public Health, Dallas, TX, USA.
Background: Understanding healthcare personnel's (HCP) contact patterns are important to mitigate healthcare-associated infectious disease transmission. Little is known about how HCP contact patterns change over time or during outbreaks such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: This study in a large United States healthcare system examined the social contact patterns of HCP via standardized social contact diaries.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!