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Temporal metacognition: Direct readout or mental construct? The case of introspective reaction time.
J Exp Psychol Gen
January 2025
Centre de Recherche en Psychologie et Neurosciences, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix-Marseille Universite.
Deciphering whether and which mental processes are accessible for metacognitive judgments is a key question to understand higher cognitive functions. Paralleling the crucial role of reaction times (RT) for unraveling the temporal sequence of mental processes, a comparable chronometric approach can be employed at the second-order level through introspective reaction times (iRT) measures. Although mean iRT correlate with mean RT, suggesting good metacognitive abilities, this would not necessarily imply a direct readout of the duration of the underlying processes as participants may instead rely on inferences based on other salient, nontemporal, cues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSelf-reports map the landscape of task states derived from brain imaging.
Commun Psychol
January 2025
Department of Psychology, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Psychological states influence our happiness and productivity; however, estimates of their impact have historically been assumed to be limited by the accuracy with which introspection can quantify them. Over the last two decades, studies have shown that introspective descriptions of psychological states correlate with objective indicators of cognition, including task performance and metrics of brain function, using techniques like functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Such evidence suggests it may be possible to quantify the mapping between self-reports of experience and objective representations of those states (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSIGRN: Inferring Gene Regulatory Network with Soft Introspective Variational Autoencoders.
Int J Mol Sci
November 2024
Key Lab of Education Blockchain and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) exhibit the complex regulatory relationships among genes, which are essential for understanding developmental biology and uncovering the fundamental aspects of various biological phenomena. It is an effective and economical way to infer GRNs from single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) with computational methods. Recent researches have been done on the problem by using variational autoencoder (VAE) and structural equation model (SEM).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFKnow Thyself, Improve Thyself: Personalized LLMs for Self-Knowledge and Moral Enhancement.
Sci Eng Ethics
November 2024
Centre for Biomedical Ethics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Article Synopsis
- This paper proposes using personalized large language models (LLMs) as artificial moral advisors (AMAs) that adapt to an individual's evolving moral values and preferences based on their personal data.
- These LLM-based AMAs can help users gain self-awareness and reflect on their personal goals and desired identity.
- The authors acknowledge that more technical development is needed to determine the effectiveness of this approach compared to existing AMAs that rely on fixed values or introspection.
A Case Report in the Management of Dysphagia in Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome Using Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability (MASA).
Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
June 2024
Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya India.
Article Synopsis
- - Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome (ODS), commonly seen in alcoholics and malnourished individuals, results in various clinical symptoms affecting speech, language, swallowing, and movement due to demyelination in the brain.
- - A 36-year-old male with a history of alcohol use and hypertension was diagnosed with ODS after MRI showed specific brain lesions, leading to issues like spastic dysarthria and moderate dysphagia.
- - After receiving speech and swallowing therapy, the patient showed significant improvement in swallowing ability within 5 days, as measured by the Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability (MASA), highlighting its effectiveness in assessing dysphagia prognosis in ODS cases.
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