Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@pubfacts.com&api_key=b8daa3ad693db53b1410957c26c9a51b4908&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 176
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3122
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Objective: To study the effect of Mycobacteriophage on the lysis of intracellular Mycobacterium smegmatis.
Methods: Peritoneal macrophages from BALB/C mice were incubated with Mycobacterium smegmatis for 4 h, and the extracellular bacteria were removed. Then the infected macrophages were treated for 2 h with normal saline, or different doses of Mycobacteriophages (2.1 x 10(7) PFU, 2.1 x 10(6) PFU, and 2.1 x 10(5) PFU, respectively), all in a volume of 0.1 ml, and then the extracellular phages and Mycobacterium smegmatis were removed by washing. After incubation for 24 h, the number of viable intracellular bacteria was determined. The intracellular changes after infection of host bacteria by bacteriophages in the macrophages were observed by electron microscopy.
Results: The logarithm 10 of viable intracellular bacteria unit was 5.74 +/- 0.18 in the saline group, 4.77 +/- 0.08 in the high dose phage group (P < 0.01), 4.97 +/- 0.17 in the moderate dose phage group (P < 0.01), and 5.33 +/- 0.13 in the low dose phage group (P > 0.05). Electron microscopy confirmed the infection of intracellular bacteria by the bacteriophages and the production of filial bacteriophages.
Conclusions: Mycobacteriophages phagocytosed by macrophages are capable of killing the infected mycobacteria. The result suggests that the use of Mycobacteriophages is a potentially novel strategy in the treatment of intracellular bacterial infection.
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