This is a retrospective case series describing the use of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of children with congenital muscular torticollis who fail to progress with conservative management. A total of 27 children with congenital muscular torticollis, 6-18 mos of age, received 30 botulinum toxin type A injections into their sternocleidomastoid or upper trapezius muscle, or both, at a pediatric tertiary care center between 1995 and 2001. Three children received repeat injections. Twenty of 27 children (74%) had improved cervical rotation or head tilt after the injections, and 2 of 27 (7%) experienced transient adverse events, specifically, mild dysphagia and neck weakness. This series suggests that botulinum toxin type A may be a safe and effective treatment option for children with congenital muscular torticollis who are unresponsive to a traditional regimen of physical therapy and a home program. A prospective, randomized controlled trial is necessary to definitively assess the role of botulinum toxin type A in this population.
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