This case report shows the importance of frozen section and/or permanent section pathology for diagnosis of tumorous conditions in patients with chronic osteomyelitis. According to published reports, a coincidence of malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone and post-fracture osteomyelitis has occurred in only four patients. Our report details the treatment of 51-year-old man with a fracture 15 years previously and subsequent chronic osteomyelitis of the left distal femur. The original treatment was open reduction and casting. Fifteen years after the injury, the patient presented to the emergency room with increasing pain, erythema, swelling, and increased purulent discharge from the distal femur. Irrigation and debridement was done, but no frozen section or permanent pathology specimens were obtained. The left distal femur was radically resected for treatment of osteomyelitis. Histologic samples of the specimen revealed malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone. A metastatic workup was negative. Subsequently, the left hip was disarticulated for wide resection of the tumor. One of two inguinal lymph nodes removed at that time was positive for malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The patient had additional chemotherapy. He was still alive 27 months after the operation.
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