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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.113-1281298 | DOI Listing |
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Controlled human infection studies accelerate vaccine development.
J Infect Dis
January 2025
Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.
Clinical trials that employ human challenge, also known as controlled human infection models (CHIM), have rapidly advanced vaccine development for multiple pathogens, including at least 30 disease models to date. CHIM studies, championed by networks of researchers, regulators, ethicists, technical experts, and other stakeholders, limit exposure of individuals to an investigational product, de-risk product investments, identify correlates of protection, and most importantly provide a prompt readout of vaccine efficacy. While CHIM studies provide multiple advantages, important challenges exist, including strengthening the relevance and comparability of CHIM study results to efficacy trials in endemic areas, particularly in resource-limited settings.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImpact of the Adverse Social Exposome on Survival in Individuals With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.
Neurology
February 2025
Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
Background And Objectives: An adverse social exposome negatively affects many diseases, but its association with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) survival is unknown. This study examined the association between the social exposome measure Area Deprivation Index (ADI) and ALS survival.
Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of patients with ALS at the University of Michigan Pranger ALS Clinic diagnosed after January 1, 2012.
Early-life Exposure to Tobacco Smoke and the Risk of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Population-based Cohort Study.
Ann Am Thorac Soc
January 2025
Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China;
Rationale: Tobacco smoking is a well-established risk factor for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), yet the influence of early-life tobacco exposure on future IPF risk remains poorly understood.
Objectives: To test the hypothesis that early-life tobacco exposure may elevate the risk of developing IPF, with this effect potentially modified by genetic susceptibility to IPF and mediated through accelerated biological aging.
Methods: Using data from over 430,000 participants in the UK Biobank, we performed a prospective cohort study to examine the associations of maternal smoking around birth and age of smoking initiation with IPF risk.
Ambient temperature and hospitalizations of children due to respiratory diseases in Cuiabá-MT, Brazil.
Cien Saude Colet
January 2025
Departamento de Química e Energia. Faculdade de Engenharia e Ciências, UNESP/Campus Guaratinguetá. Guaratinguetá SP Brasil.
This study evaluated the role of temperature and fine particulate matter in hospitalizations of children living in Cuiabá-MT, obtained from DATASUS, between 01/01/2016 and 12/31/2018. Daily concentrations of the pollutant fine particulate matter were estimated using the CAMS mathematical model, made available by CPTEC. Diagnoses of tracheitis and laryngitis, pneumonia, bronchitis, bronchiolitis and asthma were included.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Association between occupational exposure to pesticides and ototoxicity in farmers of Pontal do Paranapanema-SP, Brazil].
Cien Saude Colet
January 2025
Departamento de Química, Universidade do Oeste Paulista. São Paulo SP Brasil.
The scope of this study was to assess the ototoxic effects and general health of farmers exposed to pesticides in the Pontal do Paranapanema region, SP, Brazil. Participants of both sexes aged 18-40, 40-60 and >60 years were allocated into two groups: Non-Exposed Group (NEG) and Occupationally Exposed Group (OEG). A questionnaire of exposure and health, meatoscopy, pure tone audiometry, logoaudiometry and immittanciometry were assessed.
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