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Heart failure is a progressive condition associated with a high mortality rate. Despite advancements in treatment, many patients continue to experience less-than-ideal outcomes. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) have been studied as a potential supplementary therapy for heart failure, but the optimal dosage and duration of supplementation remain unclear.

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In recent years, the potential role of dietary interventions in preventing and managing CVDs has gained significant attention. Among these dietary components, walnuts ( L.

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