Does insulin-like growth factor 1 contribute in red blood cell transfusions to the pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity during retinal neovascularization?

Background: Red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are associated with the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). During the period of retinal neovascularization a rise of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) may trigger rapid growth of new blood vessels.

Objectives: To study endocrine factors in RBC transfusions that might be of importance for ROP.

Methods: IGF-1, IGF-2 and their binding proteins 1-3 (IGFBP-1-3) were determined by radioimmunoassays in 7 very-low-birthweight (VLBW) infants with ROP >or= stage 2 receiving a RBC transfusion, in 10 controls (VLBW infants with ROP
Results: IGF-1 (mean +/- SD) in infants with ROP was 20.0 +/- 4.2 microg/l, in controls 35.9 +/- 15.2 microg/l (Mann-Whitney U test, p = 0.030). IGF-1 in RBC was 12.88 +/- 5.03 microg/l and in WRBC 0.45 +/- 0.74 microg/l (average of the three-course washing procedure). IGF-2 in infants with ROP was 485.67 +/- 158.73 microg/l, in controls 389.9 +/- 102.8 microg/l (not significant), in RBC 109.50 +/- 117.89 microg/l, in WRBC 61.07 +/- 30.0 microg/l. Except for IGFBP-3 other IGFBPs were barely or not detectable in RBC or WRBC.

Conclusions: Considering lower IGF-1 concentrations in preterm infants than in adults (factor 20), the IGF-1 in RBC transfusions is equivalent to a single dose of 1 microg/kg IGF-1 (5-10% of the adult dose with proved metabolic responses). Endocrinological relationships between the donor's load and the acceptor's individual features are a new aspect of potential side effects of RBC transfusions. Further research is necessary to clarify the share of the described IGF administration on the development of ROP.