The vaccine Bacillus of Calmette Guérin (BCG) was originally developed in France as an oral vaccine against tuberculosis. The oral use of this vaccine was replaced by the parenteral route in almost all countries after the Lubeck disaster. In contrast, Brazil retained the oral delivery of the vaccine until the mid-seventies when it was replaced by the intradermal route. This change in route of delivery was mainly secondary to pressure by medical practitioners based on the poor responses of oral immunized subjects to purified protein derivative (PPD) skin tests. Even after the change of route of delivery, Ataulpho de Paiva Foundation continued making the oral vaccine. Currently, BCG Moreau has been described as one of the most immunogenic and with fewer side effects than other BCGs. The genomics, proteomics and vaccine trials for oral BCG Moreau Rio de Janeiro are currently under investigation. In this review, we intend to describe the history of BCG Moreau Rio de Janeiro in Brazil.
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Article Synopsis
- The BCG vaccine consists of different strains that vary in effectiveness against tuberculosis and leprosy due to their genetic differences.
- Researchers studied how two BCG strains (Moreau and Pasteur) behave when interacting with macrophages, which are immune cells that respond to infections.
- Findings revealed that BCG Moreau has a higher survival rate inside macrophages, while BCG Pasteur triggers stronger immune responses, highlighting the distinct advantages of each strain in the context of vaccination.
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