From 1 January 2004 new legislation changed the liability of the public health insurance regarding diagnostic and therapy both of erectile dysfunction and infertility. Before 2004 medical therapy of erectile dysfunction (autoinjection therapy, PDE5 inhibitors) was included in the coverage of the general health insurance; however, it is now excluded by law. Before 2004 sterilization was covered by public health insurance only if medically indicated. The costs of vasovasostomy or artificial fertilization after sterilization were only covered by health insurance if the sterilization was carried out for medical reasons. In the field of infertility the liability of statutory health insurance has only been restricted concerning artificial fertilization. Since 2004 there have been restrictions concerning the age of the insured person, and 50% of the costs have to be payed by the patient herself. Moreover, for the different methods of artificial fertilization, the number of trials and the indications have been defined by the Federal Committee. The statutory health insurance is not liable if the number of trials exceeds the limit.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00120-005-0908-3 | DOI Listing |
Stroke
January 2025
Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY (N.G.F., M.X.S., J.O.H., S.R.F., J.J.W., J.M.K., P.C.S.).
Background: Many national initiatives focus on promoting early hospital arrival of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) because treatment effectiveness is time-dependent. However, several studies reported time-delays in hospital arrival, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our purpose was to evaluate the 10-year trends in last known well to arrival (LKWA) time and assess disparities in patients with AIS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLancet Reg Health West Pac
January 2025
Department of Public Health, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Background: While Japan provides universal healthcare, immigrants may experience hampered access to healthcare. A comprehensive review of immigrant healthcare access is also lacking. This systematic review aims to examine barriers and facilitators of healthcare access among immigrants in Japan.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Med (Lausanne)
January 2025
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Objective: Pregnancies with large-for-gestational-age (LGA) fetuses are associated with increased risks of various adverse perinatal outcomes. While existing research primarily focuses on term neonates, less is known about preterm neonates. This study aims to explore the risks of adverse maternal and neonatal perinatal outcomes associated with LGA in term neonates and neonates with different degrees of prematurity, compared to appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) neonates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Dev Disabil
April 2023
Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
Though genetic testing is recommended for children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), both internal (e.g. parents' and providers' valuation of genetic testing) and external (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHealth Aff Sch
January 2025
Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Service Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States.
Although pandemic-era telemedicine flexibilities may have preserved access to care, concerns remain that telemedicine may have been inequitably distributed among older adults, especially those with mild cognitive impairment or dementia (MCID). As telemedicine flexibilities are set to fully expire on December 31, 2024, we aimed to examine pandemic-era and future-intended telemedicine use among older Americans to help inform post-pandemic telemedicine policy design. We hypothesized that telemedicine would be disproportionately underutilized among older adults with MCID or with racial and ethnic minority status.
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