Organ transplantation is very similar to the parasitism, the immune responses to the allograft and parasite share some general characters in acute stage. But host-parasite interplay seems harmonious and clinically asymptomatic carriers act as long-term reservoirs for transmission even several decades. It is proposed that the allograft also can survive long-term like the parasite harmonious with the host if we exploit the mechanism of the parasitism. How can the parasite escape the immunologic cleaning? Recent research found that: (1) Almost all the parasites infection can break the balance of Th1/Th2 and induce the Th2 bias. The level of cytokine excreted by Th2 is increased. (2) Parasite infection can interfere in antigen presentation processing through cystatins and "dendritic cell paralysis". (3) Regulatory T cells were found surrounding the local site of parasite worms. (4) Parasite infections can switch of eicosanoid metabolism, and the anti-inflammatory mediator of the plasma is increasingly manifest in the chronic infection stage. And in animal model, chronic infection can prolong the allograft survival. If the hypotheses are correct, it will give another novel therapeutic option for patients with organ transplantation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2005.06.027 | DOI Listing |
Acta Med Port
January 2025
Serviço de Dermatologia. Unidade Local de Saúde Santo António. Porto. Portugal.
Scabies is a common dermatological infection that globally affects more than 200 million people. It is caused by the parasite Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis and its transmission primarily occurs through direct contact.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBraz J Biol
January 2025
Near East University, Operational Research Center in Healthcare, Mersin, Turkey.
Leishmaniasis, caused by the Leishmania parasite, remains a persistent public health challenge in Pakistan. Despite control efforts, the disease prevalence continues to rise, particularly among pediatric populations. Understanding prevalence patterns and transmission dynamics is critical for effective control strategies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Adv
January 2025
Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan.
PLoS One
January 2025
Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computing, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
February 2025
Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130.
bradyzoites reside in tissue cysts that undergo cycles of expansion, rupture, and release to foster chronic infection. The glycosylated cyst wall acts as a protective barrier, although the processes responsible for formation, remodeling, and turnover are not understood. Herein, we identify a noncanonical chitinase-like enzyme TgCLP1 that localizes to micronemes and is targeted to the cyst wall after secretion.
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