Severity: Warning
Message: fopen(/var/lib/php/sessions/ci_sessionklb5vtlcrknpjtt6mo5shirb5m92ir2u): Failed to open stream: No space left on device
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 177
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: session_start(): Failed to read session data: user (path: /var/lib/php/sessions)
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 137
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 197
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 197
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 271
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3145
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
The heat shock (HS) response is a generalized stress response that is characterized by the induced synthesis of a family of proteins referred to as heat shock proteins (HSPs). These proteins protect cells from a myriad of stressful insults in part by functioning as chaperones for denatured proteins. Increasing evidence suggests that the stress response is not limited to the HSP family of genes, but includes numerous other genes that are regulated by HS through the activation of the stress-activated transcription factor, heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1). Based on observations from our own in vivo hyperthermia models, we hypothesized that the CXC chemokine family of neutrophil activators and chemoattractants might be a previously unrecognized class of HS-responsive genes. Analysis of the promoters of the CXC family of chemokines in both human and mouse showed that they share a common promoter organization in which multiple copies of the HSF-1 binding sequence (heat shock response element, HRE) are present in the 5'-upstream flanking region of each of these genes. We have reviewed previous work from our own laboratory and others demonstrating a strong correlation between activation of HSPs and generation of CXC chemokines. Although rigorous experimental evidence is still required to support this hypothesis, this strong and consistent correlation between expression of HSPs and CXC chemokines in vivo and in vitro model systems suggests that the putative HREs present in the CXC chemokine genes are functionally active. We speculate that the activation of the HS response during febrile range hyperthermia, inflammation, infection and injury directly enhances expression of the CXC chemokines, thereby augmenting neutrophil delivery to sites of infection and injury during febrile illnesses.
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Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/imm-200067648 | DOI Listing |
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