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Smoking Cessation Interventions in the Lung Cancer Screening Setting: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
JAMA Intern Med
January 2025
Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.
Importance: The optimal configuration of a smoking cessation intervention in a lung cancer screening (LCS) setting has not yet been established.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of 3 tobacco treatment strategies of increasing integration and intensity in the LCS setting.
Design, Setting, And Participants: In this randomized clinical trial, LCS-eligible current smokers were randomized into 3 treatments: quitline (QL), QL plus (QL+), or integrated care (IC).
Improving the Likelihood of Identifying Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Among Patients With COPD: A Novel Predictive Model Using Real-world Data.
Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis
December 2024
Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States.
Background: Despite guideline recommendations, most patients with COPD do not undergo alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) testing and approximately 90% of people with AATD in the US remain undiagnosed. This study sought to develop a predictive model using real-world data to improve detection of AATD-positive patients in the general COPD population.
Methods: A predictive model using XGBoost was developed using the EVERSANA database, including longitudinal, patient-level medical claims, prescription claims, AATD-specific testing data, and electronic health records (EHR).
Prevalence and prognostic significance of pulmonary hypertension in adults with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.
Open Heart
December 2024
School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the prevalence and impact of pulmonary hypertension (PHT) in adults with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) and preserved ejection fraction, using a large database of 16,058 patients.
- Findings indicate that nearly 84% of subjects had some form of PHT, correlating higher tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TRV) levels with increased mortality rates over 1 and 5 years.
- The research highlights that the risk of death increases significantly with higher TRV levels, establishing a clear prognostic relationship between PHT severity and mortality, particularly noted at TRV levels above 2.9 m/s.
Pathologic differences between systemic sclerosis-associated and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension.
J Scleroderma Relat Disord
November 2024
Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
Article Synopsis
- * A study compared lung tissue samples from patients with systemic sclerosis-associated PAH, idiopathic PAH, and healthy controls to identify differences in lung pathology and treatment response.
- * Findings showed that idiopathic PAH has plexiform lesions present, while systemic sclerosis-associated PAH has significantly worse interstitial fibrosis and cellularity, but similar levels of smooth muscle hypertrophy.
Mitral-specific cardiac damage score (m-CDS) predicts risk of death in functional mitral regurgitation: a study from the National Echo Database of Australia.
Open Heart
October 2024
The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle Campus, Fremantle, Perth, Australia.
Article Synopsis
- - The study aimed to examine how a 'mitral-specific' cardiac damage score (m-CDS) relates to survival outcomes in patients with mitral regurgitation (MR) and compared it with an 'aortic-specific' cardiac damage score (a-CDS) using data from a large Australian database.
- - Out of over 620,000 adults analyzed through echocardiography, about 17,658 (3.1%) had moderate or severe MR, and a subset of 5,000 patients was tested to evaluate the effectiveness of various CDS models in predicting all-cause mortality over an average follow-up of 3.8 years.
- - The research revealed that higher m-CDS stages were linked to
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