When we were working on the present issue of our journal, where there are three special articles on the Spanish Flu, the epidemic that broke out in 1918 supposedly killing more people than the First World War, some news in the papers made our hair stand on end. "The world is heading to an influenza pan-epidemic", announced the World Health Organization last January 20 (O Globo, 2.01.2005, p.28). In the March 15 issue of the same newspaper, one reads: "Specialists warn the the effects of the pan-epidemic of fowl flu would be devastating". As we are privileged to have one of these specialists here in Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, we asked her to what extend these statements were true. So, we are now sharing with you readers the enlightening conversation we had with Marilda Mendonça Siqueira. She is a researcher of Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Virology Department, where she leads the Respiratory Viruses and Measles Lab, part of WHO's international net for influenza vigilance, which has existed since the 1950's.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-59702005000100001 | DOI Listing |
Biologicals
January 2025
Centre for Human Drug Research (CHDR), Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands.
Inno4Vac, a public-private partnership funded by the IMI2/EU/EFPIA Joint Undertaking (IMI2 JU), brings together academic institutions, SMEs, and pharmaceutical companies to accelerate and de-risk vaccine development. The project has made significant strides in the selection and production of challenge agents for influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and toxigenic Clostridioides difficile for controlled human infection model studies (CHIMs). A regulatory workshop held on March 20, 2024, addressed the standardisation of clinical procedures, ethical considerations, endpoints, and data integrity, highlighting the ongoing initiatives related to these CHIMs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEpidemics
January 2025
Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Swiss School of Public Health SSPH+, Zurich, Switzerland; Crisis Competence Center, University of Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address:
Background: Our study aims to enhance future pandemic preparedness by integrating lessons from historical pandemics, focusing on the multidimensional analysis of past outbreaks. It addresses the gap in existing modelling studies by combining various pandemic parameters in a comprehensive setting. Using Zurich as a case study, we seek a deeper understanding of pandemic dynamics to inform future scenarios.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiology (Basel)
December 2024
Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy.
Studying models of healthy aging and exceptional longevity is crucial to understanding a possible longevity signature, as most show resistance to age-related diseases. In particular, semi- and supercentenarians are a highly selected group, having survived significant adversities, including the Spanish flu and COVID-19 pandemics, indicating distinctive immune system characteristics. This paper analyzes the inflammatory scores (INFLA-score, Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI)) and Aging-Related Immune Phenotype (ARIP) indicators calculated from the dataset of the DESIGN project, including 249 participants aged 19-111 years, aiming to understand the immune-inflammatory (IMFLAM) role in achieving longevity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe current situation with H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI) is causing a worldwide concern due to multiple outbreaks in wild birds, poultry, and mammals. Moreover, multiple zoonotic infections in humans have been reported. Importantly, HPAI H5N1 viruses with genetic markers of adaptation to mammals have been detected.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Epidemiol
December 2024
Biostatistics and Medical Biometry, Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the effective reproduction number (R-eff) has frequently been used to describe the course of the pandemic. Analytical properties of R-eff are rarely studied. We analytically examine how and under which conditions the conventional susceptible-infected-removed (SIR) model (without infection age) serves as an approximation to the infection-age-structured SIR model.
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