Alcoholism is a chronic, complex disease and addictive disorder. Sudden cessation of alcohol consumption can lead to alcohol withdrawal, an acute process with devastating and potentially life-threatening consequences. Assessment of alcohol withdrawal is key to a successful outcome. Appropriate assessment of withdrawal symptoms begins with the use of the revised Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol, which evaluates the presence and severity of withdrawal symptoms. The higher the patient's score, the greater the risk for experiencing serious withdrawal symptoms. Pharmacotherapy may be gauged to treat the symptoms according the score.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2005.04.001 | DOI Listing |
Harm Reduct J
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
Background: Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and its precursors gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) and 1,4-butanediol (BD) have become a significant concern due to the increase in their recreational use and the high risks associated with it (e.g., overdose, addiction, life-threatening withdrawal syndromes).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnaesthesia
January 2025
Consultant, Department of Peri-operative Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK.
Introduction: This consensus statement gives practical advice for the safe management of patients with harmful alcohol intake undergoing elective and emergency surgery. The wide spectrum of alcohol-related organ dysfunction observed in this cohort of patients may have a profound impact on care, and the additional effects of alcohol withdrawal may further exacerbate postoperative morbidity and mortality.
Methods: A working party was assembled based on clinical and/or academic expertise in the area.
BMJ
January 2025
Division of Addiction Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
The covid-19 pandemic was associated with an unprecedented increase in alcohol consumption and associated morbidity, including hospitalizations for alcohol withdrawal. Clinicians based in hospitals must be ready to identify, assess, risk-stratify, and treat alcohol withdrawal with evidence based interventions. In this clinically focused review, we outline the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, screening, assessment, and treatment of alcohol withdrawal in the general hospital population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecules
December 2024
Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor is a major target of ethanol, and it is implicated in learning and memory formation, and other cognitive functions. Glycine acts as a co-agonist for this receptor. We examined whether Org24598, a selective inhibitor of glycine transporter1 (GlyT1), affects ethanol withdrawal-induced deficits in recognition memory (Novel Object Recognition (NOR) task) and spatial memory (Barnes Maze (BM) task) in rats, and whether the NMDA receptor glycine site participates in this phenomenon.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Clin Med
December 2024
Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, reducing aerosol-generating procedures became fundamental, particularly in ophthalmic surgeries traditionally performed under general anesthesia (GA). Regional anesthesia, such as sub-Tenon's block (STB), is widely used in vitreoretinal surgeries, offering a safer alternative by avoiding airway manipulation. However, the altered orbital anatomy in patients with previous scleral explant surgery creates unique challenges to STB application.
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