Although ambulatory hysteroscopy is well established in dedicated centres, there is a delay in its general implementation. One reason for this may be the lack of consensus regarding a protocol for analgesia and anaesthesia in ambulatory hysteroscopy. This review looks at the various methods in use. These include the paracervical or intracervical injection of anaesthetic to establish a block. Topical anaesthetic may be applied to the surface of the endometrium in the uterine cavity or to the cervix. Oral analgesia is also used. A vaginoscopic approach to the uterine cavity without any anaesthesia is also becoming popular. Finally, combinations of the above methods have been employed for hysteroscopic surgical procedures, including the newer generation of endometrial ablation methods.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2005.06.008 | DOI Listing |
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Mid-infrared spectroscopy as a real-time diagnostic tool for chronic endometritis: A preliminary study.
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IVF Unit, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel; Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel.
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Background: Complete bicorporeal uterus, double cervix and obstructive longitudinal vaginal septum (classified as U3bC2V2 according to ESHRE/ESGE classification) is a rare congenital anomaly of the genital tract. This condition is typically associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis and is known as Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome or OHVIRA (Obstructed HemiVagina and Ipsilateral Renal Anomaly) syndrome. The primary symptoms include dysmenorrhea and pelvic pain, which usually manifest after menarche due to haematocolpos in the obstructed hemivagina.
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Department of Anesthesiology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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