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In this article, we comment on an article published in a recent issue of the . We specifically focus on the roles of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) in pediatric liver transplantation (LT), as well as the relationship between immune rejection after LT and DSA. Currently, LT remains the standard of care for pediatric patients with end-stage liver disease or severe acute liver failure.

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There is no established treatment for late or chronic antibody-mediated rejection of a kidney graft. Rituximab-based treatment is not effective, since long-lived high-affinity plasma cells do not express CD20 and do not depend on previous maturation steps to generate donor-specific antibodies. Conversely, daratumumab, an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, directly targets plasma cells, with proven efficacy in multiple myeloma.

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Umbilical cord blood (UCB) represents a valuable graft source in the absence of a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donor for hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies (DSAs), targeting grafts with mismatched HLA antigens, pose a significant obstacle by increasing the risk of primary graft failure, delayed engraftment, and decreased survival. Existing literature on HLA desensitization has primarily focused on haploidentical transplants, and there is a lack of experience regarding the optimal strategy in UCB transplantation.

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Several donor-specific factors influence the functional recovery and long-term outcomes of liver grafts. This study investigated the association between donor fasting glucose (DFG) and recipient outcomes after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) in 950 cases at a single center. Patients were divided into two groups: low-DFG (< 85 mg/dL, n = 120) and control (≥ 85 mg/dL, n = 830).

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Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates the development of donor-specific antibodies (dnDSA) in simultaneous pancreas/kidney transplant recipients (SPKTRs) compared to kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), finding a higher incidence of dnDSA in SPKTRs at one year post-transplant.
  • Independent risk factors for dnDSA development identified include preformed DSA and younger donor age, with high PIRCHE-II scores for HLA-DQ correlating significantly with dnDSA.
  • However, the research highlights that total PIRCHE-II scores may not reliably predict dnDSA risk, suggesting caution in using this measure for post-transplant assessment.
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