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Explainable Prediction of Long-Term Glycated Hemoglobin Response Change in Finnish Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Following Drug Initiation Using Evidence-Based Machine Learning Approaches.
Clin Epidemiol
March 2025
Biomimetics and Intelligent Systems Group, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Purpose: This study applied machine learning (ML) and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) to predict changes in HbA1c levels, a critical biomarker for monitoring glycemic control, within 12 months of initiating a new antidiabetic drug in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. It also aimed to identify the predictors associated with these changes.
Patients And Methods: Electronic health records (EHR) from 10,139 type 2 diabetes patients in North Karelia, Finland, were used to train models integrating randomized controlled trial (RCT)-derived HbA1c change values as predictors, creating offset models that integrate RCT insights with real-world data.
Economic impact of individualized antimicrobial dose optimization in the critically ill patient in Spain.
Front Pharmacol
February 2025
Health Value, Madrid, Spain.
Objective: To estimate the economic impact of individualized dose optimization guided by antimicrobial therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in Spain, compared to no monitoring.
Methods: A cost analysis of antibiotic treatment of critically ill patients, with and without TDM, was performed using a probabilistic Markov model (with second-order Monte Carlo simulations). Three scenarios were analyzed based on three published meta-analyses (Analysis 1: Pai Mangalore, 2022; Analysis 2: Sanz-Codina, 2023; Analysis 3: Takahashi, 2023).
Access and pricing of medicines for patients with rare diseases in the European Union: an industry perspective. A 2025 update.
Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res
March 2025
The Comparative Health Outcomes, Policy, and Economics (CHOICE) Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Introduction: In a previous publication, we provided an overview of the current situation of patient access to orphan drugs in the European Union (EU), of the evolving rare disease policy landscape and recommendations for areas of improvement throughout the lifecycle of orphan drugs. This article aims to provide an update on evolving new policies impacting access to orphan drugs in the European Union from a health technology developers perspective.
Areas Covered: We provide an update of the emerging competitiveness gap in the pharmaceutical sector between the EU and the United States.
Model development to assess the impact of a preventive treatment with sarolaner and moxidectin on Dirofilaria immitis infection dynamics in dogs.
Parasit Vectors
March 2025
Aviagis, Risschotlei 33, 2980, Zoersel, Belgium.
Background: Dirofilaria immitis is a mosquito-transmitted filarial parasite causing heartworm disease in dogs. The parasite may cause a significant disease burden to the dog population in high prevalence areas and is mainly managed through prophylactic treatments.
Methods: In this modelling study, the effect of a prophylactic treatment with moxidectin and sarolaner on heartworm disease dynamics was investigated in dogs.
Stigmatizing attitudes toward people with migraine by people without active migraine: results of the OVERCOME (US) study.
BMC Neurol
March 2025
Montefiore Headache Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, US.
Background: Migraine is associated with various types of stigma. This study aims to evaluate stigmatizing attitudes towards people with migraine by people without active migraine.
Methods: OVERCOME (US) was a web survey among adults from a representative US population-based sample that collected information about stigmatizing attitudes of people without active migraine (i.
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