Microfluidic and nanofluidic technologies have long sought a fast, reliable method to overcome the creative limitations of planar fabrication methods, the resolution limits of lithography, and the materials limitations for fast prototyping. In the present work, we demonstrate direct 3D machining of submicrometer diameter, subsurface fluidic channels in glass, via optical breakdown near critical intensity, using a femtosecond pulsed laser. No postexposure etching or bonding is required; the channel network (or almost any arbitrary-shaped cavity below the surface) is produced directly from "art-to-part". The key to this approach is to use very low energy, highly focused, pulses in the presence of liquid. Microbubbles that result from laser energy deposition gently expand and extrude machining debris from the channels. These bubbles are in a highly damped, low Reynolds number regime, implying that surface spalling due to bubble collapse is unimportant. We demonstrate rapid prototyping of three-dimensional "jumpers", mixers, and other key components of complex 3D microscale analysis systems in glass substrates.
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Sci Rep
January 2025
Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, 75 Koszykowa Str., 00-662, Warszawa, Poland.
Surface relief grating formation in photo-responsive azo polymers under irradiation is a long-ago-found phenomenon, but all the factors governing its efficiency are still not fully recognized. Here, we report on the enormous impact of the polymer thickness on the possibility of fabrication of extremely high-amplitude surface deformations. We performed prolonged holographic recordings on the layers of the same azobenzene poly(ether imide), which had substantially different optical transmittances at the recording wavelength and revealed that the depths of the inscribed relief structures increased with the polymer thickness from a nondetectable value up to almost 2 µm, unaffected by the presence of a polymer-glass substrate interface in either sample.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLangmuir
January 2025
Univ. Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ., SMS, UR 3233, F-76000 Rouen, France.
It has been shown that depositing ketoprofen as thin films on glass substrates has a stabilizing effect on the amorphous state of ketoprofen. Polyethylene glycol ( = 6000 g/mol) was mixed with ketoprofen in a wide range of concentrations. Amorphous thin films were prepared by spin coating and subjected to storage conditions with different levels of relative humidity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHeliyon
November 2024
Faculty of Physics, Shahrood University of Technology, 3619995161, Shahrood, Iran.
This study evaluates the deposition of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films with copper impurities on a glass substrate using simultaneous direct current (DC) and radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. The structural, optical, electrical, and mechanical properties, as well as the surface topography of the films, were investigated under various DC power levels using Raman spectroscopy, ellipsometry, UV-VIS, I-V measurements, nanoindentation, AFM, and FESEM. Results indicate that increasing the DC power to the graphite target from 60 to 120 , while maintaining a constant 10 of RF power to the copper target, enhances the optical absorption coefficient of the films and increases the optical bandgap from 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Mater
January 2025
School of Electronic Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06938, South Korea.
Recent advances in mass transfer technology are expected to bring next-generation micro light-emitting diodes (µLED) displays into reality, although reliable integration of the active-matrix backplane with the transferred µLEDs remains as a challenge. Here, the µLED display technology is innovated by demonstrating pixel circuit-integrated micro-LEDs (PIMLEDs) and integrating them onto a transparent glass substrate. The PIMLED comprises of low-temperature poly-silicon transistors and GaN µLED.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrosc Res Tech
January 2025
Centre for Opto/Bio-Nano Measurement and Manufacturing, Zhongshan Institute of Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan, China.
When protein molecules come into contact with different types of substrate materials, the surface properties of the substrate will have a significant effect on their self-assembly behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate the self-assembly behavior of zein molecules on the two different substrates. Herein, the microstructure of zein molecules on the surface of two typical substrates, mica and glass, were characterized in detail by atomic force microscopy.
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