Background: Pulmonary dysfunction after smoke inhalation and thermal injury is associated with excessive morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate alveolar leukocyte function after thermal injury and smoke inhalation.
Methods: Twenty-one patients with thermal injury only (n = 8); thermal injury and smoke inhalation injury (n = 8); and nonburned controls (n = 5) were assessed by means of bronchoscopically directed lavage (bronchoalveolar lavage [BAL]) on the first and fourth days postinjury. BAL-isolated pulmonary leukocytes were assessed for number, composition, viability, and production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha, interleukin (IL)-8, and IL-6 in response to 100 ng/mL of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (mean +/- SEM; significance at p < 0.05).
Results: Six of eight Smoke patients had gross evidence of lung injury. On day 1, Smoke and Burn BAL isolates yielded greater cell counts than Control (10.6 vs. 4.5 vs. 2.4 x 10(6)/mL). Smoke macrophages on day 1 produced more TNFalpha (1.2 vs. 0.2 ng/mL), IL-6 (8.0 vs. 1.9 ng/mL), and IL-8 (85 vs. 32 ng/mL) after LPS stimulation compared with respective unstimulated (0 ng/mL of LPS) day-1 Smoke cells. LPS-stimulated Burn cells on day 1 produced more IL-8 (150 vs. 62 ng/mL) but not TNFalpha (0.4 vs. 0.25 ng/mL) or IL-6 (1.8 vs. 0.69 ng/mL), when compared with respective unstimulated Burn cells. By day 4, LPS-stimulated Smoke and Burn cells produced significantly more TNFalpha (Smoke, 0.41 vs. 0.16 ng/mL; Burn, 0.87 vs. 0.51 ng/mL) and IL-6 (Smoke, 2.5 vs. 0.47 ng/mL; Burn, 4.1 vs. 1.47 ng/mL), but not IL-8 (Smoke, 51.1 vs. 51.1 ng/mL; Burn, 54.4 vs. 55.6 ng/mL), compared with respective unstimulated day-4 cells.
Conclusion: Smoke inhalation induces a massive influx of alveolar leukocytes that are primed for an early, enhanced LPS-activated cytokine response compared with alveolar leukocytes isolated after burn injury alone or normal controls.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ta.0000171588.25618.87 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Comparative analysis of ambient, in-home, and personal exposures reveals associations between breathing zone pollutant levels and asthma exacerbations in high-risk children.
Respir Res
January 2025
Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.
Background: Air pollution is associated with poor asthma outcomes in children. However, most studies focus on ambient or indoor monitor pollution levels. Few studies evaluate breathing zone exposures, which may be more consequential for asthma outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVeno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) for acute poisonings in United States: a retrospective analysis of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry.
Clin Toxicol (Phila)
January 2025
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Emergency Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Introduction: Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is frequently considered and implemented to help manage patients with cardiogenic shock from acute poisoning. However, utilization of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in acutely poisoned patients is largely unknown.
Method: We conducted a retrospective study analyzing the epidemiologic, clinical characteristics and survival of acutely poisoned patients placed on veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation using the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry.
Sulfur dioxide exposure of mice induces peribronchiolar fibrosis-A defining feature of deployment-related constrictive bronchiolitis.
PLoS One
January 2025
Research Service and Pulmonary Section Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America.
Deployment-related constrictive bronchiolitis (DRCB) has emerged as a health concern in military personnel returning from Southwest Asia. Exposure to smoke from a fire at the Al-Mishraq sulfur enrichment facility and/or burn pits was reported by a subset of Veterans diagnosed with this disorder. DRCB is characterized by thickening and fibrosis of small airways (SA) in the lung, but whether these are related to toxin inhalation remains uncertain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFactors associated with lung cancer among firefighters: a systematic literature review.
BMC Public Health
January 2025
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
This short review addresses the pressing issue of lung cancer among firefighters, a population facing unique occupational hazards such as smoke inhalation and asbestos exposure. With lung cancer being a leading global cause of death, the study emphasizes the disproportionate burden on firefighters. Notably, wildfire smoke, containing carcinogenic elements, poses a rising significant threat to firefighters' respiratory health.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClosed-loop ventilation and oxygenation with decision support fluid resuscitation to treat major burn injury with smoke induced acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Shock
January 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
Introduction: The understanding of the interaction of closed-loop control of ventilation and oxygenation, specifically fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), and fluid resuscitation after burn injury and acute lung injury from smoke inhalation is limited. We compared the effectiveness of FiO2, PEEP, and ventilation adjusted automatically using adaptive support ventilation (ASV) and decision support fluid resuscitation based on urine output in a clinically relevant conscious ovine model of lung injury secondary to combined smoke inhalation and major burn injury.
Methods: Sheep were subjected to burn and smoke inhalation injury under deep anesthesia and analgesia.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!