Toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome are severe skin reactions, usually to drugs, associated with a widespread destruction of the epidermis. Widespread purpuric macules and epidermal detachment of less than 10% of the body surface is indicative of Stevens-Johnson syndrome, whereas epidermal detachment between 10% and 30% is called Stevens-Johnson-toxic epidermal necrolysis overlap. Epidermal detachment involving more than 30% of the total body surface is designated as toxic epidermal necrolysis. These generalized reactions are known to occur in association with various drugs. Treatment is primarily supportive care, and there are no specific therapy regimens. Therapeutic modalities such as corticosteroids, cyclosporin, thalidomide, cyclophosphamide, and plasmapheresis, usually based on a symptomatic approach, have been tried in single patients or in small series. Intravenous immunoglobulin has recently been shown to provide rapid improvement in all three of these skin reactions. We report a 2-year-old girl who developed Stevens-Johnson syndrome-toxic epidermal necrolysis overlap after receiving ampicillin-sulbactam for an upper respiratory tract infection. She was treated successfully with a 4-day course of intravenous immunoglobulin.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1470.2005.22407.x | DOI Listing |
Diagnostics (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Metropolitan Police Hospital, Tokyo 164-8541, Japan.
Fixed drug eruption (FDE) is a type of drug-induced skin inflammation characterized by the recurrence of lesions in the same region following repeated exposure to the causative drug. FDE typically presents as localized spots or plaques without systemic symptoms; however, it can manifest in other forms, such as blisters and papules. In FDE, effector memory CD8-positive T cells that remain dormant in the basal layer after a previous inflammation are reactivated upon re-exposure to the causative drug, leading to the development of erythema at the same sites.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIndian J Pediatr
January 2025
Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga- Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Front Med (Lausanne)
December 2024
Department of Oncology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China.
Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been widely applicated for the treatment of patients with advanced esophageal cancer. Skin-related adverse reactions are frequent with ICIs, with toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) being a severe and potentially life-threatening cutaneous reaction.
Case Presentation: We present a case of a 70-year-old male with locally advanced esophageal cancer who developed severe toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) after 18 days of tislelizumab combined with chemotherapy.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Hirokoji, Kawaramachi, Kamigyoku, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are severe mucocutaneous disorders characterized by extensive tissue necrosis; they are often accompanied by severe ocular complications (SOC). The regulatory role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in modulating immune responses in SJS/TEN is not fully understood, particularly in relation to chronic SOC. We explored the expression profiles of specific miRNAs and their potential impact on the regulation of key innate immune genes in patients with SJS/TEN with SOC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Exp Dermatol
January 2025
Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Créteil, France.
Background: Epidermal necrolysis (EN) is a rare and severe condition, characterized by a diffuse skin and mucosal detachment and mainly induced by drugs. Literature is scarce regarding the rate of recurrences and culprit drug re-exposure.
Objectives: To assess the rate of EN recurrences as well as high notoriety drugs re-exposures in patients with EN.
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