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A pulsar-like polarization angle swing from a nearby fast radio burst.
Nature
January 2025
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Article Synopsis
- Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are intense signals from deep space that last for milliseconds and share some characteristics with pulsars, suggesting they may originate from neutron stars.
- Despite similarities, FRBs like 20221022A display different patterns in their linear polarization position angle (PA), particularly a 130° rotation that aligns with pulsar behaviors, hinting at magnetospheric origins.
- This study rules out short-period pulsars as potential sources for FRB 20221022A, supporting the idea that its unique PA evolution fits the rotating vector model commonly used for pulsars.
Dark Matter Production during Warm Inflation via Freeze-In.
Phys Rev Lett
November 2024
Texas Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Weinberg Institute for Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
We present a novel perspective on the role of inflation in the production of dark matter (DM). Specifically, we explore the DM production during warm inflation via ultraviolet freeze-in (WIFI). We demonstrate that in a warm inflation (WI) setting the persistent thermal bath, sustained by the dissipative interactions with the inflaton field, can source a sizable DM abundance via the nonrenormalizable interactions that connect the DM with the bath.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThermodynamics of the Primordial Universe.
Entropy (Basel)
November 2024
Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Edifício C8, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal.
This review delves into the pivotal primordial stage of the universe, a period that holds the key to understanding its current state. To fully grasp this epoch, it is essential to consider three fundamental domains of physics: gravity, particle physics, and thermodynamics. The thermal history of the universe recreates the extreme high-energy conditions that are critical for exploring the unification of the fundamental forces, making it a natural laboratory for high-energy physics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStrong Lensing by Galaxies.
Space Sci Rev
November 2024
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, 430 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Strong gravitational lensing at the galaxy scale is a valuable tool for various applications in astrophysics and cosmology. Some of the primary uses of galaxy-scale lensing are to study elliptical galaxies' mass structure and evolution, constrain the stellar initial mass function, and measure cosmological parameters. Since the discovery of the first galaxy-scale lens in the 1980s, this field has made significant advancements in data quality and modeling techniques.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInsights into Metabolic Reprogramming in Tumor Evolution and Therapy.
Cancers (Basel)
October 2024
School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan.
Cancer remains a global health challenge, characterized not just by uncontrolled cell proliferation but also by the complex metabolic reprogramming that underlies its development and progression. This review delves into the intricate relationship between cancer and its metabolic alterations, drawing an innovative comparison with the cosmological concepts of dark matter and dark energy to highlight the pivotal yet often overlooked role of metabolic reprogramming in tumor evolution. It scrutinizes the Warburg effect and other metabolic adaptations, such as shifts in lipid synthesis, amino acid turnover, and mitochondrial function, driven by mutations in key regulatory genes.
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