A 34-year-old man presented to the ophthalmology clinic because of an enlarging mass of the left bulbar conjunctiva, found to be Kaposi sarcoma by histologic examination. The patient had no prior diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection, making this one of only two descriptions in the literature of conjunctival Kaposi sarcoma as the initial presentation of human immunodeficiency virus infection. With surgical resection and highly active antiretroviral therapy, the prognosis is good.
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Diagnosis and Management of Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Inflammatory Cytokine Syndrome in Resource-Constrained Settings: A Case Report and an Adapted Case Definition.
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Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV), also known as human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8), is the primary etiologic cause of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) and KSHV Inflammatory Cytokine Syndrome (KICS). Patients with KICS demonstrate symptoms of systemic inflammation, high KSHV viral load, elevation of inflammatory markers, and increased mortality. Management requires rapid diagnosis, treatment of underlying HIV, direct treatment of KS, and addressing the hyperimmune response.
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Second Dermatology Department, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
The dermoscopic rainbow pattern (RP), also known as polychromatic pattern, is characterized by a multicolored appearance, resulting from the dispersion of polarized light as it penetrates various tissue components. Its separation into different wavelengths occurs according to the physics principles of scattering, absorption, and interference of light, creating the optical effect of RP. Even though the RP is regarded as a highly specific dermoscopic indicator of Kaposi's sarcoma, in the medical literature, it has also been documented as an atypical dermoscopic finding of other non-Kaposi skin entities.
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Kaposi sarcoma is a low-grade vascular neoplasm linked to the human herpesvirus 8, with the AIDS-associated epidemic variant being the most common and aggressive. Although Kaposi sarcoma more commonly affects the cutaneous tissues, lymph nodes, and visceral organs, it can also be present in ocular and ocular adnexal tissues. We report a case of a 58-year-old Indo-Caribbean woman living with AIDS who presented with a large upper eyelid mass that was clinically diagnosed as Kaposi sarcoma.
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Primary Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a rare cancer caused by human herpesvirus-8 that most often affects people with compromised immune systems. Since knowledge of the relationship between disease and sociodemographic factors contributes to the development of precision medicine, we investigated the prevalence of KS within the US population. Using SEER, we found that the Black population had the highest prevalence rate in 2018 compared to other racial groups.
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