Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an effective adjunctive treatment for intractable epilepsy. However, the optimal range of device duty-cycles [on/(on + off times)] is poorly understood. The authors performed a multicenter, randomized trial of three unique modes of VNS, which varied primarily by duty-cycle. The results indicate that the three duty-cycles were equally effective. The data support the use of standard duty-cycles as initial therapy.
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Background: Transcutaneous stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve (tVNS) was administered to participants diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to improve word-list memory (primary outcome) and other cognitive skills.
Method: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design was used for this trial. Participants with MCI (n = 59) were sorted into one of two sequences: Sham-tVNS or tVNS-Sham.
The impact of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation on anterior cingulate cortex activity in a cognitive control task.
Psychophysiology
January 2025
Biological Psychology Lab, Department of Psychology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) offers a non-invasive method to enhance noradrenergic neurotransmission in the human brain, thereby increasing cognitive control. Here, we investigate if changes in cognitive control induced by tVNS are mediated through locus coeruleus-induced modifications of neural activity in the anterior cingulate cortex. Young healthy participants engaged in a simple cognitive control task focusing on response inhibition and a more complex task that involved both response inhibition and working memory, inside a magnetic resonance imaging scanner.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuromodulation Strategies in Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: Practical Clinical Guidance from the Pediatric Epilepsy Research Consortium.
Epilepsy Res
January 2025
Jane and John Justin Institute for Mind Health, Cook Children's Medical Center, Ft Worth, TX, USA.
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by multiple drug-resistant seizure types, cognitive impairment, and distinctive electroencephalographic patterns. Neuromodulation techniques, including vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), and responsive neurostimulation (RNS), have emerged as important treatment options for patients with LGS who do not respond adequately to antiseizure medications. This review, developed with input from the Pediatric Epilepsy Research Consortium (PERC) LGS Special Interest Group, provides practical guidance for clinicians on the use of these neuromodulation approaches in patients with LGS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEfficacy of Auricular Therapy for Motor Impairment After Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Int J Older People Nurs
January 2025
Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China.
Background: A high number of stroke patients cannot recover fully from motor impairment despite early rehabilitation. Auricular therapies, usually given by acupuncture doctors or nurses, have been widely used among these post-stroke patients. Potential benefits of auricular therapies were shown in recent clinical trials.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuromodulation for Headache Management in Pregnancy.
Curr Pain Headache Rep
January 2025
Department of Neurology - Headache Division, University of Miami Health, University of Miami School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, 13th Floor, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
Purpose Of Review: Management of primary headache disorders during pregnancy is limited due to known teratogenicity or unknown safety of many currently available pharmaceutical therapies. Here, we explore the safety and efficacy of non-invasive neuromodulatory devices as another treatment modality for pregnant patients.
Recent Findings: There are six FDA-cleared, non-invasive neuromodulatory devices currently available for the management of headache that include remote electrical neuromodulation (REN), noninvasive vagal nerve stimulation (nVNS), external trigeminal nerve stimulation (eTNS), single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (sTMS), and external concurrent occipital and trigeminal neurostimulation (eCOT-NS).
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