In 2001, $11.21 billion was spent on domestic cigarette advertising and promotion, an increase of 16.9% over 2000. This article explains how cigarette industry efforts stimulate demand and encourage smoking within the context of recent changes, including the 1998 Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) and resulting litigation, and variations in tobacco marketing policies. Communication concepts are combined with adolescent development concepts to explain how youth are impacted. Industry documents and current syndicated research data are used to reveal and explain key concepts.
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Background: One potential consequence of the multiplicity of bibliometric studies on dental implants is the emergence of a multifaceted image of the literature on implantology; hence complicating analysis and comprehension by readers.
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Bioactive glasses (BGs) are physiologically reactive surface biomaterials widely used in biomedical applications and various treatments. Borate bioactive glasses (BBGs) are third-generation BGs, and they exhibit superior biodegradable, bioactive, osteoconductive, antibacterial, and biocompatible properties compared to other types of BGs. Certain concentrations of dopant ions can be incorporated into the chemical structure of BBGs to enhance their biological functionalities and antimicrobial properties.
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NYU Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA.
The cerebellum, a subcortical structure, is traditionally linked to sensorimotor integration and coordination, although its role in cognition and affective behavior, as well as epilepsy, is increasingly recognized. Cerebellar dysfunction in patients with epilepsy can result from genetic disorders, antiseizure medications, seizures, and seizure-related trauma. Impaired cerebellar function, regardless of cause, can cause ataxia (imbalance, impaired coordination, unsteady gait), tremor, gaze-evoked nystagmus, impaired slow gaze pursuit and saccade accuracy, as well as speech deficits (slurred, scanning, or staccato).
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Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States.
Post-transcriptional modifications on RNA play an important role in biological processes, but we lack an understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the function of many modifications. Here we characterize the distribution and dynamic regulation of 5-formylcytidine (fC), a modification primarily found on tRNAs, across different cell lines, mouse tissues, and in response to environmental stress. We identify perturbation in bulk fC levels using nucleoside LC-MS and quantify individual modification stoichiometry at the wobble base of mt-tRNA-Met and tRNA-Leu-CAA using nucleotide resolution fC sequencing technology.
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