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Accelerating Progress in Women's Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights Decision-Making: Trends in 32 Low- and Middle-Income Countries and Future Perspectives.
Glob Health Sci Pract
December 2024
United Nations Population Fund, New York, NY, USA.
Introduction: In 1994, the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) Programme of Action established the empowerment and autonomy of women as fundamental to achieving sustainable economic and social progress. Three decades later, significant strides have been made in enhancing sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR). However, deep-rooted gender inequality continues to impede substantial progress for many.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWomen's health and rights in the twenty-first century.
Nat Med
June 2024
Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health, Geneva, Switzerland.
In the twenty-first century, the complex relationship between women's health and rights has been influenced by a range of interconnected challenges, including gender inequity, reproductive health disparities, maternal mortality and morbidity, and women's inability to access life-saving, high-quality healthcare services including family planning. Going forward, the world needs to find ways to implement the unfinished agenda of the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) 1994 and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), thus prioritizing health and rights for women and girls as essential not only to their survival but also to their progress, agency and empowerment. It is also important to consider the interconnection between women's health and rights and climate change, with its disproportionate impact on the well-being of girls and women, and to address the impact and opportunities afforded by digital technologies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVoluntary family planning is a key mainstay of demographic work and population policies. The 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) signalled a decisive shift away from fertility reduction and target-setting to an emphasis on voluntary family planning as intrinsic to reproductive health and women's empowerment. Yet, criticisms of voluntary family planning programmes persist, interrogating how 'voluntariness' is understood and wielded or questioning the instrumentalization of women's fertilities in the service of economic and developmental goals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe road from ICPD to SDGs: Health returns of reducing the unmet need for family planning in India.
Midwifery
December 2021
Centre for the Study of Regional Development, School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India; UWA Public Policy Institute and Australia India Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA, Australia.
Objective: This study attempts to estimate the impact of reducing the unmet need for family planning on the key maternal and child health indicators in India from 1993 to 2016, and projecting this for the period from 2016 to 2030.
Data And Methods: The data have been compiled from various sources such as the United Nations' World Population prospects, national family health surveys and the sample registration system. The family planning and demographic projection modules of 'Spectrum', a modular computer simulation program, were used to estimate the impact of family planning programmes on reproductive, maternal and child health outcomes in India from 1993 to 2030.
Women's empowerment as self-compassion?: Empirical observations from India.
PLoS One
July 2020
Humanities & Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
Although ICPD brought about an international consensus on the centrality of women's empowerment and gender equity as desired national goals, the conceptualization and measurement of empowerment in demography and economics have been largely understood in a relational and in a family welfare context where women's altruistic behaviour within the household is tied either to developmental or child health outcomes. The goals of this study were twofold: (1) to offer an empirical examination of the household level empowerment measure through the theoretical construct of self-compassion and investigate its association with antenatal health, and (2) to ensure robust psychometric quality for this new measure. Drawing data from the nationally representative, multi-topic dataset of 42, 152 households, India Human Development Survey, IHDS II (2011-2012), the study performed a confirmatory factor analysis followed by an OLS estimation to investigate the association between a self-compassionate based empowerment and antenatal care.
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