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Bladder dysfunction represents a frequent and important clinical problem in stroke patients. The aim of this narrative review was to explore the currently available information regarding the diagnosis and management of bladder dysfunction following stroke. The most common symptoms of bladder dysfunction following stroke are urinary incontinence, urgency, increased frequency, and difficulty voiding.

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Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. Electronic address:

Spinal cord injury often results in chronic loss of micturition control, which is featured by bladder hyperreflexia and detrusor sphincter dyssynergia. Previous studies showed that treatment of capsaicin reduces non-voiding bladder contractions in multiple animal injury models and human patients. However, its underlying neural mechanisms remain largely unknown.

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Objectives: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on urodynamics and Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway in spine cord tissue of rats after suprasacral spinal cord injury (SSCI), so as to explore its possible mechanism in improving bladder function in rats with detrusor hyperreflexia after SSCI.

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Objective: To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Dazhui" (GV14) and "Ciliao" (BL32) on rats with bladder detrusor hyperreflexia (DH) after supersacral spinal cord transection, as well as the mechanism of EA in improving the urinary function by regulating the expression of Wnt-1, β-catenin and Neurogenin 1(Ngn1).

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